A5102744122- Cognitive and developmental aspects of mathematical skills
- Mathematics Education and Teaching Techniques
- Reading and Literacy Development
- Child and Animal Learning Development
- Education Methods and Practices
- Neuroscience, Education and Cognitive Function
- Experimental Learning in Engineering
- Multisensory perception and integration
- Face Recognition and Perception
- Distributed and Parallel Computing Systems
- Engineering Education and Curriculum Development
- Engineering Education and Pedagogy
- Neural dynamics and brain function
- Mathematics Education and Pedagogy
- Cloud Computing and Resource Management
- History and Theory of Mathematics
- Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces
- Animal Vocal Communication and Behavior
- Tactile and Sensory Interactions
- Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy Techniques
- Teaching and Learning Programming
- Neuroscience and Music Perception
- Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
2015-2025
ORCID
2023
Gallaudet University
2023
Bucknell University
1979-2020
University of Illinois System
1973-2020
Duke Medical Center
2020
Brigham Young University
2017-2018
Harvard University
2008-2011
Harvard University Press
2011
William James College
2009
Behavioral research suggests two cognitive systems are at the foundations of numerical thinking: one for representing 1-3 objects in parallel and comparing large, approximate magnitudes. We tested dissociable neural signatures these preverbal infants, by recording event-related potentials (ERPs) as 6-7.5 month-old infants (n = 32) viewed dot arrays containing either small (1-3) or large (8-32) sets a number alternation paradigm. If numbers represented same system, then brain response to...
Studies of human adults, infants, and non-human animals demonstrate that non-symbolic numerical cognition is supported by at least two distinct cognitive systems: a "parallel individuation system" encodes the identity individual items an "approximate number approximate magnitude, or numerosity, set. The exact nature role these systems, however, have been debated for over 100-years. Some argue representation small numbers (<4) carried out solely parallel system large (>4) system. Others all...
Behavioral and brain imaging research indicates that human infants, humans adults, many nonhuman animals represent large nonsymbolic numbers approximately, discriminating between sets with a ratio limit on accuracy. Some behavioral evidence, especially suggests these representations differ from of small objects. To investigate neural signatures this distinction, event-related potentials were recorded as adult passively viewed the sequential presentation dot arrays in an adaptation paradigm....
This study examined sexual orientation change efforts (SOCE) by 1,612 individuals who are current or former members of the Church Jesus Christ Latter-day Saints (LDS). Data were obtained through a comprehensive online survey from both quantitative items and open-ended written responses. A minimum 73% men 43% women in this sample attempted change, usually multiple methods across many years (on average). Developmental factors associated with attempts at included higher levels early religious...
Successful human social life requires imagining what others believe or think to understand and predict behavior. This ability, often referred as theory of mind (ToM), reliably engages a specialized network temporal prefrontal brain regions in older children adults, including selective recruitment the temporal–parietal junction (TPJ). To date, how when this organization for ToM arises is unknown due limitations functional neuroimaging at younger ages. Here, we used emerging technique...
Coordinated studies with adults, infants, and nonhuman animals provide evidence for two distinct systems of nonverbal number representation. The "parallel individuation" (PI) system selects retains information about one to three individual entities the "numerical magnitude" establishes representations approximate cardinal value a group. Recent event-related potential (ERP) work has demonstrated that these reliably evoke functionally temporally patterns brain response correspond established...
Coordinated studies of adults, infants, and nonhuman animals provide evidence for two systems nonverbal number representation: a "parallel individuation" system that represents individual items "numerical magnitude" the approximate cardinal value group. However, there is considerable debate about nature functions these systems, due largely to fact some show dissociation between small (1-3) large (>3) representation, whereas others do not. Using event-related potentials, we it possible...
Humans have the unique capacity to actively reflect on thoughts, beliefs, and knowledge of others, but do we also track mental states spontaneously when observing other people? We asked this question by monitoring brain activity in belief-sensitive cortex using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) during free-viewing social videos. More specifically, identified a portion right temporal-parietal junction (rTPJ) selective for state processing an established, explicit theory mind task,...
Establishing whether two sets of objects have the same number turns out to be surprisingly challenging for children even if they some basic word and counting knowledge. Here we study relationship between understanding exact equality symbolic knowledge in preschool (N=208, Age Range=2.89–5.09 years) at various stages acquisition. To do this, gave classic verbal tasks (Give-N, How Many?) comparable but non-verbal set-matching which were asked produce a set that numerically matched target set....
Establishing whether two sets of objects have the same number turns out to be surprisingly challenging for children even if they some basic word and counting knowledge. Here we study relationship between understanding exact equality symbolic knowledge in preschool (N=208, Age Range=2.89–5.09 years) at various stages acquisition. To do this, gave classic verbal tasks (Give-N, How Many?) comparable but non-verbal set-matching which were asked produce a set that numerically matched target set....
Infants' unitary perception of their multisensory world, including learning from people (faces and speech), hinges on temporal synchrony. Despite its importance, relatively little work has investigated the brain processes involved in infants' In two experiments, we examined event-related potentials (ERPs) to asynchronous synchronous audio-visual speech infants. Both experiments showed early auditory P2 was greater for synchronously presented pairings later attentional processing (Nc)...
Abstract Humans are born with the ability to mentally represent approximate numerosity of a set objects, but little is known about brain systems that sub‐serve this early in life and their relation underlying symbolic number mathematics later development. Here we investigate processing numerical magnitudes before acquisition system or even spoken language, by measuring response changes pre‐verbal infants using functional near‐infrared spectroscopy ( fNIRS ). To do this, presented two types...
Current theories of numerical cognition posit that uniquely human symbolic number abilities connect to an early developing cognitive system for representing approximate magnitudes, the (ANS). In support this proposal, recent laboratory-based training experiments with U.S. children show enhanced performance on addition after brief practice comparing or adding arrays dots without counting: tasks engage ANS. Here we explore nature and generality effect through two experiments. Experiment 1,...
Do toddlers and adults engage in spontaneous Theory of Mind (ToM)? Evidence from anticipatory looking (AL) studies suggests that they do. But a growing body failed replication raised questions about the paradigm’s suitability. In this multi-lab collaboration, we test robustness ToM measures. We examine whether 18- to 27-month-olds’ adults’ looks distinguish between two basic forms an agent’s epistemic states: knowledge ignorance. [ANTICIPATED n = 520 50% FEMALE] 408, diverse ethnic...
Abstract Behavioral work demonstrates human infants are sensitive to a host of intersensory properties and this sensitivity promotes early learning memory. However, little is known regarding the neural basis ability in infants. Using event‐related potentials (ERPs) with adults, we show that during passive viewing auditory evoked brain responses increased presence simultaneous visual stimulation. Results converge previous adult neuroimaging studies, single‐cell recordings nonhuman animals,...
From birth, human infants are able to perceive a wide range of intersensory relationships. The current experiment examined whether between 6 months and 24 old the intermodal relationship aggressive nonaggressive canine vocalizations (i.e., barks) appropriate facial expressions. Infants simultaneously viewed static expressions same heard an or bark. Results indicate that 6-month-olds perceived for barks expression. also revealed in older but not younger infants, initial first looks were...
Two non-verbal cognitive systems, an approximate number system (ANS) for extracting the numerosity of a set and parallel individuation (PI) distinguishing between individual items, are hypothesized to be foundational symbolic mathematics abilities. However, exact role each remains unclear highly debated. Here we used differences approach test relationship spontaneously evoked brain signatures (using event-related potentials) PI ANS initial development concepts in preschool children as...