What is the central research activity in modern universities? This paper uses a comprehensive survey among individuals from 15 countries to map differences orientation towards basic/fundamental research, applied/practical and combination of two. Despite some claims literature that basic no longer preoccupation universities, our findings point at continued strong presence universities but with large variations between academic disciplines. At individual level, most academics engage applied...

The urgency of a sustainability transition in the energy sector has led numerous authors to argue that it can and should be accelerated through active phase-out, disruption destabilization undesirable established technologies. This paper starts out accepting phase-out premise, but argues more nuanced view 'established' technologies incumbents is needed. Technologies often involve many different sectors, there may great underappreciated potential realize transitions recombinations...

Research institutes, here defined as organizations involved in research and development but outside of the higher education sector often close cooperation with users, are found most countries not very well understood. This paper argues that institutes can be considered "hybrid organizations", caught between dichotomous cultural spheres differing values. To retain their hybridity to survive long run, need create sustain organizational legitimacy by establishing congruence values from these...

Categorisations of research have existed for a long time and in particular been influential since the first international R&D statistics manual was developed. However, definitions categorisations come under increasing pressure. Scientists policy-makers alike claimed that distinction between basic research, applied experimental development is increasingly irrelevant based on misconceptions about modern knowledge production. Despite debate there little empirical analysis these issues. This...

Resilience is traditionally seen as the capability to bounce back normal from undesired change, while sustainability transitions research seeks understand how a radical change can be promoted. This may puzzle, not least considering increasingly frequent combination of both sets concepts in policy and scholarly approaches. In this article we systematically review scientific publications that combine these concepts. The findings highlight resilience an emerging analytical lens, owing...

This article addresses the increasing formalization of cross-sector collaboration between universities and industry seen in development public funding schemes such as collaborative research centers (CRCs). policy trend is analyzed investigated empirically, treating organizational arrangements supporting a dependent variable, where purpose to investigate institutionalization processes through number case studies university-industry collaboration. The investigation indicates that less formal,...

IntroductionOpen innovation is a popular approach within studies and in practice. Open defined as "the use of purposive inflows outflows knowledge to accelerate internal innovation, extend the markets for external respectively" (Chesbrough et al., 2006). A significant amount research has been devoted

We use a multilevel regression approach on complex combined dataset including survey of 4,400 Norwegian academics and detailed data the 31 higher education institutions in which they are employed. The aim is to test whether university-level characteristics matter for participation different kinds external engagement, when we also control influence individual- discipline-level factors. find that variables explain few differences engagement among academic staff general.

Governments in most countries have set up specialised programmes to support the commercialisation of academic research. A key challenge is develop indicators that are able measure operation and impact. This study shows how different used satisfy stakeholders a Norwegian programme. Policy intervention supposed lead additionality related input, behaviour output. While programme uses input behavioural measures as strategic tools for its operation, policy makers mostly preoccupied with output...

The commercialization of research has become a key task universities and public institutions. This development is partly stimulated by an increasing number government support programmes (GSPs) that are designed to stimulate academic entrepreneurship. Nevertheless, the role played this new type actor in innovation system not very well understood. We use principal–agent theory guide our analysis Norwegian GSP. programme contributes reducing agency problems adverse selections moral hazards...

This article argues that innovation may constitute a useful perspective on the link between society and arts humanities research. Innovation is here seen as ‘something new put into practical use’, there are two reasons why it can be relevant for humanities. First, has been an expansion of what refers to; now commonly used non-economic change processes in public, private non-profit organisations. Second, not unique their contribution to innovation: good teaching, research, dissemination...