Software defined networking (SDN), a highly regarded architecture, enhances the programmability and manageability of network by decoupling data plane control plane. It has emerged to bring more possibilities Internet, but at same time, its inherent shortcomings have become pool for malicious attackers. Low-rate denial service (LDoS) attacks, variant also pose threat SDN architecture. In this article, we replicate LDoS attacks propose detection mitigation framework called GASF-IPP based on...

Software-Defined Networking (SDN) is an emerging network architecture. The decoupled data and control plane provides programmability for efficient management. However, the centralized mode of SDN also exposes unique vulnerabilities. Low-rate Denial Service (LDoS) has a lower attack rate than ordinary DDoS attacks with characteristics periodicity concealment, which among one severe threats to SDN. In this paper, we propose lightweight, real-time framework Performance Features (P&F) detect...

Software-Defined Networking (SDN) switches typically have limited ternary content addressable memory (TCAM) that caches the flow entries on data plane. The scarcity and strong resource competitiveness of TCAM space put tables at risk malicious Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) attacks. In this paper, we propose LtRFT, a Learning-To-Rank (LtR) based scheme for mitigating low-rate DDoS attacks targeted tables. LtRFT consists three modules: <italic...

Software-defined networking (SDN) is a new network architecture that separates the data plane from control and provides programmability, dynamic deployment, management of traffic. However, its security also faces many threats, such as low-rate denial service (LDoS) attacks. The LDoS attack can use vulnerability TCP congestion mechanism on requires only small amount to achieve effect, which make it harder detect mitigate than traditional DoS In this paper, we propose an detection mitigation...

ABSTRACT Background This study investigates the role of KEAP1‐NRF2/HO‐1 signaling pathway in inducing ferroptosis and contributing to neuronal damage schizophrenia. Methods We retrieved schizophrenia‐related data ferroptosis‐related genes from RNA microarray dataset GSE27383 FerrDB database, respectively. Bioinformatics identified KEAP1 as a downregulated gene, which was validated using qRT‐PCR Western blot. assessed intracellular Fe 2 ⁺ content, MDA levels, GSH, GPX4 prefrontal cortex...

ABSTRACT Background: The Geriatric Anxiety Inventory (GAI) was developed to assess anxiety in older adults. objectives of this work were as follows: (a) analyze the psychometric properties Chinese version GAI (GAI-CV), and (b) explore extent related factors elderly residents Beijing. Methods: Participants study included 1,047 people (59.4% female) more than 60 years old who living community. They randomly selected from 15 communities Basic information collected. measured using GAI-CV,...

The software-defined network (SDN) has created the conditions for optimization and development of structures. However, its architecture is still not sufficient to resist or identify all denial service (DoS) attacks, such as low-rate DoS (LDoS) attacks. Due their low transporting rate flash-crowd-like nature, LDoS attacks are well hidden in background traffic difficult by anti-DoS mechanisms SDN. By implementing SDN, we confirm that they can severely degrade quality service. We further...

While the rate of Internet use among older population in China is rapidly increasing, outcomes associated with remain largely unexplored. Currently, there are contradictory findings indicating that sometimes positively and negatively adults' subjective well-being. Therefore, we examined associations between different types use, social networks, loneliness Chinese adults using data from Longitudinal Ageing Society Survey (N = 1863). was classified as interpersonal communication information...

This study aimed to examine the three-way interaction between widowhood, social ties, and gender its effects on older adults' mental health, including depressive symptoms life satisfaction, in context of China.Participants were 7,601 Chinese adults. Their network was divided family friendship their health measured by satisfaction. Linear regression employed analyze associations networks, as well explore moderating effect gender.Widowhood is associated with more symptoms, but not while ties...

Background/Objective To evaluate the functional outcomes of moderate to severe burn patients with and without rehabilitation in terms self-care performance quality life (QOL). Methods Fifty-five total surface area 30% or more were divided into two groups: conventional care groups. The group underwent comprehensive interventions (e.g., occupational therapy, physiotherapy, patient family education) addition standard clinical received by group. included (Modified Barthel Index [MBI]), QOL...

Abstract Low-rate denial of service (LDoS) attacks send attacking bursts intermittently to the network which can severely degrade victim system’s Quality Service (QoS). The low-rate nature such complicates attack detection. LDoS repeatedly trigger congestion control mechanism, make TCP traffic extremely unstable. This paper investigates traffic’ characteristics, in variance and entropy are used evaluate traffic’s ratio UDP (UTR) is also analyzed. Thus, a detection method combining two-step...

The Software-Defined Networking (SDN) is a new network framework widely adopted in data center networks that decouples the control plane from to make management easier. In SDN, OpenFlow mainstream southbound communication protocol for controllers and devices. an OpenFlow-supported SDN network, establishes connections with switches installs flow entries their tables direct packet forwarding. Since table built ternary content addressable memory (TCAM) has limited space, it possible overflow by...

Accumulating studies have demonstrated associations between single lifestyle exposures and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). However, the joint effects of remain unclear, hindering development targeted prevention control strategies. We aimed to investigate exposomes MAFLD.

OBJECTIVE Our studies in vitro and vivo aimed to investigate the influence of DNA methylation peroxisome proliferator activated receptor‐α ( PPAR‐α ) gene non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) pathogenesis observe whether inhibitor 5‐Aza‐2'‐deoxycytidine (5‐Aza‐CdR) herbal medicine curcumin might reverse effect both . METHODS Steatotic hepatocyte model cell lines NAFLD rat models were established following protocols documented previous studies. Subsequently, received 5‐Aza‐CdR treatment....

Software-defined networking (SDN) faces challenges in efficiently forwarding packets across the network due to limited capacity of flow tables switches. Ternary content addressable memory (TCAM) is typically used store tables, but its makes it vulnerable attacks. Specifically, Low-rate Flow Table Overflow (LFTO) attack an against table limit, which can occupy massive space decrease performance normal rules by slowly sending that cannot match table. To address this, we propose FTMaster, a...

The low-rate denial of service (LDoS) attack mainly exploits security vulnerabilities adaptive mechanisms in network protocols and application services. high-rate pulses within a short time interval are sent periodically, which will result the degradation quality. traffic is similar to normal from legitimate users network, consequently, it easy escape traditional detection methods because its intermittence. Research works have demonstrated that there fractal characteristics (self-similarity)...