Crystalline silica may act as an immune adjuvant to increase inflammation and antibody production, findings of occupational cohort studies suggest that exposure be a risk factor for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We undertook this population-based study examine the association between SLE in southeastern US.SLE patients (n = 265; diagnosed January 1, 1995 July 31, 1999) were recruited from 4 university rheumatology practices 30 community-based rheumatologists 60 contiguous counties....

Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies (ANCA) are associated with a category of small-vessel vasculitis (SVV) frequent glomerulonephritis. The goal this study was to evaluate the association lifetime silica exposure development ANCA-SVV, particular attention dosage, intensity, and time since last exposure. A southeastern United States, population-based, case-control conducted. Case patients had ANCA-SVV pauci-immune crescentic Population-based control subjects were frequency-matched case...

Introduction: Occupational exposure to silica may be associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Most studies have been conducted in occupational cohorts high levels of but small numbers cases. We analyzed data from a population-based case–control study and CKD. Methods: Cases were hospital patients newly diagnosed CKD, community controls selected using random digit dialing frequency matched by age, gender, race, proximity the hospital. Silica estimates assigned industrial hygiene review...

Multiple linear regression analysis is widely used in many scientific fields, including public health, to evaluate how an outcome or response variable related a set of predictors. As result, researchers often need assess "relative importance" predictor by comparing the contributions made other individual predictors particular model. Hence, development valid statistical methods estimate relative importance great interest. In this research, authors considered when defined that portion squared...

Much of the epidemiologic research on risk factors for fibroids, leading indication hysterectomy, relies self-reported outcome. Self-report is subject to misclassification because many women with fibroids are undiagnosed. The purpose this analysis was quantify extent and identify associated factors.Self-reported fibroid status compared ultrasound screening from 2046 in Right From Start (RFTS) 869 Uterine Fibroid Study (UFS). Log-binomial regression used estimate sensitivity (Se) specificity...

Chemical contaminants or their metabolites may bind to and react with keratin proteins in the stratum corneum of skin. Here, we present a tape-stripping method for removal quantification from normalization extracted concentrations naphthalene (as marker jet fuel exposure) 12 human volunteers before after exposure (JP-8). Due potential variable amounts squamous tissue each tape-strip sample, was quantified using modified Bradford method. Confirmation extraction verified by western blotting...

When working with hot mix asphalt, road pavers are exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) through the inhalation of vapors and particulate matter (PM) dermal contact PM contaminated surfaces. Several PAHs four six rings potent carcinogens which reside in these emissions. Since urinary biomarkers large rarely detectable asphalt workers, attention has focused upon levels more volatile abundant two-ring three-ring as potential PAH exposure. Here, we compare compounds (P-PACs, a...

Prenatal exposure to inorganic arsenic (iAs) has been associated with adverse developmental and reproductive outcomes. These outcomes may be tied altered functionality of nuclear transcription factors such as the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in placenta gene expression. The GR pathway is integral for proper fetal placental development, perturbations this underlie observed associations between prenatal iAs birth We therefore set out investigate whether modulates signaling cells. JEG-3...

Automobile mechanics are exposed to benzene through their contact with gasoline vapor and engine exhaust. This study investigated the uptake associated these exposures. We first evaluated reliability of self-collected breath samples among a subset subjects found good agreement between those collected under expert supervision (intraclass correlation coefficient 0.79, n = 69). then used self-monitoring together longitudinal sampling design (with up three measurements per worker) measure in air...

Jet propulsion fuel 8 (JP-8) is the major jet used worldwide and has been recognized as a source of chemical exposure, both inhalation dermal, for fuel-cell maintenance workers. We investigated contributions dermal exposure to JP-8 total body dose U.S. Air Force workers using naphthalene surrogate exposure. Dermal, breathing zone, exhaled breath measurements were obtained tape-strip sampling, passive monitoring, glass bulbs, respectively. Levels urinary 1- 2-naphthols determined in urine...

Respiratory sensitization and occupational asthma are associated with exposure to 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) in both monomeric oligomeric forms. The monomer polymers of diisocyanates differ significantly their rates absorption into tissue toxicity, hence may contribution sensitization. We have developed evaluated a liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC-MS) method capable quantifying HDI its oligomers (uretidone, biuret, isocyanurate) air, tape-stripped skin, paint samples...

Diisocyanates are a group of chemically reactive agents, which used in the production coatings, adhesives, polyurethane foams, and parts for automotive industry as curing agents cores foundry industry. Dermal inhalation exposure to methylene bisphenyl isocyanate (MDI) is associated with respiratory sensitization occupational asthma. However, limited research has been performed on quantitative evaluation dermal MDI occupationally exposed workers. The objective this was quantify levels iron...

Urinary 1,6-hexamethylene diamine (HDA) may serve as a biomarker for systemic exposure to diisocyanate (HDI) in occupationally exposed populations. However, the quantitative relationships between dermal and inhalation HDI urine HDA levels have not been established. We measured acid-hydrolyzed along with breathing-zone of 48 automotive spray painters. These measurements were conducted over course an entire workday up three separate workdays that spaced approximately 1 month apart. One sample...

Current methods for measuring dermal exposure to skin irritants and allergens, such as acrylates, have significant drawbacks assessment. A noninvasive sampling method has been developed tested a multifunctional acrylate employing tape stripping of the nonviable epidermis (stratum corneum). Samples were subsequently extracted gas chromatographic was employed quantitative analysis tripropylene glycol diacrylate (TPGDA). This in 10 human volunteers exposed an priori determined amount TPGDA or...

Background The potential association between occupational electric and magnetic field exposure cancer is well documented in the literature, but there uncertainty regarding a causal relation. Methods Using data from completed cohort study, we sought to refine job-exposure matrix case-cohort analysis by regrouping jobs into more homogeneous groups, without making additional measurements. From original cohort, selected 164 men who died of leukemia, 145 brain cancer, random subcohort 800 (0.6%...

We conducted a repeated exposure-assessment survey for task-based breathing-zone concentrations (BZCs) of monomeric and polymeric 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) during spray painting on 47 automotive painters from North Carolina Washington State. report here the use linear mixed modeling to identify primary determinants measured BZCs. Both one-stage (N = 98 paint tasks) two-stage 198 filter sampling was used measure HDI, uretidone, biuret, isocyanurate. The geometric mean (GM) level...

Models and laboratory studies suggest that everyday clothing influences the transdermal uptake of semivolatile organic compounds, including phthalate plasticizers, from indoor environments. However, this effect has not been documented in environmental exposure settings. In pilot study, we quantified daily excretion 17 urinary metabolites (μg/day) for phthalates alternatives nine participants during 5 days. On Day 0, baseline was determined participants' urine. Starting on 1, refrained eating...

During the manufacturing of reinforced plastics, large amounts styrene and trace quantities styrene-7,8-oxide (SO) are released. Since previous work suggests that inhalation even small SO might be an important health risk, we investigated several possible factors contributing to exposure during manufacture plastics. Factors related job type, worker type quantity styrene-containing resins were using mixed-effects multiple linear regression models. Overall, levels positively correlated with...

Limited research has been conducted on dermal exposure and risk assessment, owing to the lack of reliable measurement techniques data for quantitative assessment. We investigated magnitude jet propulsion fuel 8 (JP-8), using naphthalene as a surrogate, US Air Force fuel-cell maintenance workers. Dermal 124 workers routinely working with JP-8 was measured non-invasive tape-strip technique coupled gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis. The contribution job-related factors determined...