Abstract Although the effects of temperature on insect behaviours are studied frequently, few studies report relationship between and anti‐predator behaviours. A negative ambient intensity death‐feigning is found in adults two seed beetle species, Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) C. chinensis (L.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). Two traits representing immobility, frequency duration death‐feigning, measured at different temperatures. Almost all feign death 15 °C, but decreases higher temperatures ,...

Ecology Letters (2012) Abstract Males and females frequently have different fitness optima for shared traits, as a result, genotypes that are high males low females, vice versa . When this occurs, biasing of offspring sex‐ratio to reduce the production lower‐fitness sex would be advantageous, so example, broods produced by high‐fitness should contain fewer sons. We tested consistent with these predictions in broad‐horned flour beetles. found both wild‐type beetles populations subject...

AbstractPatterns in the correlated evolution of parental care and life history traits are long established but controversial. Although is related to large egg size many taxa, conflicting results have also been reported. To test evolutionary relationships between traits, we performed phylogenetic comparative analyses using shield bugs (Heteroptera: Acanthosomatidae), which maternal guarding eggs young has repeatedly evolved. Our revealed that female body affected reproductive resource...

Males typically gain fitness from multiple mating, whereas females often lose numerous potentially leading to sexual conflict over mating. This is expected favour the evolution of female resistance However, may incur male harassment if they refuse copulate; thus, greater increase costs imposed by males. Here, I show that mating raises disadvantages interacting with males when harmful in adzuki bean beetles, Callosobruchus chinensis. Females were artificially selected for higher and lower...

Abstract Benefits of multiple mating to females may come from the acquisition water in male ejaculates. This hypothesis seems plausible species which males provide with large ejaculates and has been tested prediction that mate more frequently when an external source is unavailable. My study observed deprived were likely remate than given adzuki bean beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis . result suggests absorb thus change their remating receptivity according need for additional water. However,...

Abstract The evolution of female multiple mating, or polyandry, is difficult to comprehend and thus has been the subject a large number studies. However, there only little evidence for genetic variation in although trait via selection requires that enables respond selection. We carried out artificial increased decreased propensity remate as measure polyandry investigate whether this component can adzuki bean beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis . Artificial produced responses both directions...

Extremely developed or specialized traits such as the elongated upper canines of extinct sabre-toothed cats are often not analogous to those any extant species, which limits our understanding their evolutionary cause. However, an species may have undergone directional selection for a similar extreme phenotype. Among living felids, clouded leopard, Neofelis nebulosa, has exceptionally long its body size. We hypothesized that generated leopards in manner process cats. To test this, we approach...

Abstract Species in the mammalian order Carnivora have extremely diverse diets. The association between diet and craniodental morphology carnivorans has been subject of a number studies. distance from jaw joint to tooth positions may contribute ability acquire process food because it corresponds outlever arm when functions as lever generate bite force. A shorter relative inlever masticatory muscle generates higher This study measured distances different points teeth lengths crania...

The evolution and development of complex molars as a key innovation in mammals have long been interest yet remain poorly understood. With reference to century‐old theories modern findings, we focused on the teeth pinnipeds (Carnivora) cetaceans (Cetartiodactyla), which are morphologically simple compared with those other mammals, thus can be considered reversal toward ancestral state nonmammalian synapsids. By reconstructing evolutionary history tooth complexity for phylogenies Carnivora...

Heterodonty and complex molar morphology are important characteristics of mammals acquired during the evolution early from non-mammalian synapsids. Some synapsids had only simple, unicuspid teeth, whereas others complex, multicuspid teeth. In this study, we reconstructed ancestral states tooth morphological complexity across to show that morphologically teeth evolved independently multiple times within Therapsida secondary simplification occurred in some Cynodontia. mammals, simpler molars...

The mammalian lower jaw comprises a single bone, the dentary, which is unique feature among vertebrates. jaws of extinct non-mammalian synapsids were composed dentary and several postdentary bones. Synapsid fossils exhibit variation in size relative to overall jaw. An evolutionary trend toward enlargement reduction has long been documented but not established using modern phylogenetic comparative methods. In this study, we examine pattern through analyses measurements broad range synapsid...