SummaryTwo-year-old potted Cox's Orange Pippin trees were sprayed with GA3, GA4, GA7 or GA4+7 (500 ppm) at full bloom and two four weeks thereafter. Shoot growth was not greatly affected by the treatments. When bloom, GA3 especially GA, markedly reduced flowering on spur buds, but GA4 had hardly any effect. In later treatments no effect, whereas GA舢 alone combined still showed distinct activity. Similar gibberellin applied to one-year-old either in middle of May end July. Again, shoot-growth...

Abstract Mobilization of protein nitrogen in the spring was studied bark stems unringed and double stem‐ringed apple rootstocks M.7 given different treatments. A ready hydrolysis occurred; proteins contributed greater part storage exported to growing parts. Protein little affected by supply newly absorbed nitrogen. Movement out between rings could not be demonstrated. breakdown isolated sections slightly reduced. Arginine predominant amino acid trees with a high level but conspicuous...

Abstract The process of mobilization nitrogenous compounds in trees during spring development was studied short isolated shoot sections (usually bearing one bud each) Golden Delicious apple trees. During leafing‐out the bud, changes amounts total, protein and soluble nitrogen amino acids amides bark wood were followed. required by growing parts came mainly from breakdown tissues below bud; above total decreased little, whereas drop considerable. In de‐budded internode where remained almost...

Abstract Apple rootstocks M.7 were given either nitrate or ammonium at the end of September. Until following June, total and protein nitrogen composition soluble fraction followed in roots, stem‐bark, new growth. Nitrogen from both sources was readily absorbed roughly same amounts. Absorption occurred autumn especially spring. Incorporation took place exclusively young roots. Arginine and, to a lower degree, asparagine by far most abundant amino compounds reached levels above those...

Abstract Apple rootstocks M.7 were given a nitrogen application either in the spring or preceding autumn. At time of some ringed. During 50‐day experimental period from bud‐break, shoot growth and amount incorporated into new shoots slightly reduced spring‐treated trees strongly ringed both treatments. Roots unringed autumn‐fertilized showed higher levels total amino than those similar treatment; to lesser degree, reverse held for xylem sap stem. Ringing increased amino‐nitrogen level roots,...

Abstract Shoot growth and water consumption of potted Golden Delicious trees were studied under a controlled environment with respect to two lewels air humidity, soil moisture content, the availability nitrogen. In high‐N treatment, high humidity content promoted growth; at low‐N level, did not respond treatments. Water was enhanced low but afiected by centent soil. fruit&earing Cox's Orange Pippin exposed levels reduced shoot and, much lower degree, fruit growth. It increased rhe...

Abstract The effect of a few environmental factors on calcium intake into fruits was studied in potted trees (cv. Cox's Orange Pippin and Schone van Boskoop) kept under either fully controlled or outdoor conditions. Contrary to the usual pattern orchard trees, curve did not flatten after mid‐July but showed substantial increase which persisted until harvest. Only at root temperature 6°C Ca slow down appreciably. It is postulated that this additional movement may occur phloem be by rate fruit...

The importance of some ecosystems remains poorly understood. We showed that mesophotic (30 to 150 m) are a key habitat for critically endangered species, with strong evidence globally important population adult hawksbill turtles (

To assess the role of endogenous cytokinins in growth and development Rosa hybrida , their concentrations bleeding sap roots, stem, leaves, axillary shoots bottom breaks three stages were quantified. Cytokinins purified by means immunoaffinity chromatography HPLC, identified retention time, UV spectrum GC‐MS. The major translocation form xylem was zeatin riboside (ZR). In all mature tissues, zeatin‐type predominant, amounting to 80–90% total cytokinin concentration. stems contained high...

Abstract Growth and mineral composition of fruits in potted trees were studied at two temperatures (19 24°C) experiments with Golden Delicious one Cox's Orange Pippin under a controlled environment. In the high temperature promoted fruit growth markedly, but stimulation was much less pronounced. The levels K, N, Mg, P (expressed as amounts per fruit) increased higher temperature. This increase almost completely result differences growth. With respect to Ca reduced influx experiment had...

Abstract Mobilization of nitrogenous compounds during the spring was studied in ringed isolated shoot sections (bearing one intact bud each) from Golden Delicious apple trees and stem‐ringed rootstocks M VII. The changes total, protein soluble nitrogen amino acids amides were followed bark for 3 weeks leafing‐out stem 6 starting at bud‐break. Ringing prevented movement below ring both almost completely, thus demonstrating importance phloem as translocation pathway stored compounds, even over...

SummaryOne-year-old Golden Delicious trees kept vertically or horizontally in pots were sprayed with succinic acid 2, 2-dimethyl hydrazide (aminozide, Alar) either ‘early’ (about three weeks after flowering) ‘late’ (shortly cessation of growth). The early spray reduced growth the current year. In following year was promoted when Alar had been applied preceding year, but late treatment. horizontal position throughout. Flowering to about same degree horizontal, and given early, whereas...