This article discusses the challenges, benefits and approaches associated with realizing largescale antenna arrays at mmWave frequency bands for future 5G cellular devices. Key design considerations are investigated to deduce a novel practical phased array solution operating 28 GHz near spherical coverage. The approach is further evolved into first-of- a-kind phone prototype equipped consisting of total 32 low-profile elements. Indoor measurements carried out using presented characterize...

For the first time to best of our knowledge, this paper provides an overview millimeter-wave (mmWave) 5G antennas for cellular handsets. Practical design considerations and solutions related integration mmWave phased-array with beam switching capabilities are investigated in detail. To experimentally examine proposed methodologies, two types mesh-grid featuring reconfigurable horizontal vertical polarizations designed, fabricated, measured at 60 GHz spectrum. Afterward integrated rest RF...

Abstract The potential for new 4‐, 5‐, and 6‐junction solar cell architectures to reach 50% efficiency is highly leveraging the economics of concentrator photovoltaic (CPV) systems.The theoretical performance such next‐generation cells, experimental results 3‐ 4‐junction CPV are examined here evaluate their impact real‐world electricity generation. Semiconductor device physics equations formulated in terms band gap‐voltage offset W oc  ( E g / q ) − V , give a clearer physical understanding...

Advances in antenna technologies for cellular hand-held devices have been synchronous with the evolution of mobile phones over nearly 40 years. Having gone through four major wireless evolutions [1], [2], starting analog-based first generation to current fourth-generation (4G) broadband, from manufacturers and their network capacities today are advancing at unprecedented rates meet our unrelenting service demands. These ever-growing demands, driven by exponential growth data usage around...

R. King, A. Boca, W. Hong, X.-Q. Liu, D. Bhusari, Larrabee, K. M. Edmondson, C. Law, Fetzer, S. Mesropian, and N. H. Karam Spectrolab, Inc., 12500 Gladstone Ave., Sylmar, CA 91342 USA ABSTRACT: Beginning with maximum theoretical efficiencies from detailed balance calculations, we evaluate the real-world energy loss mechanisms in a variety of high-efficiency multijunction cell architectures such as inverted metamorphic 3- 4-junction cells, step toward closing gap between theory experiment....

A first-of-the-kind 28 GHz antenna solution for the upcoming 5G cellular communication is presented in detail. Extensive measurements and simulations ascertain proposed to be highly effective handsets operating realistic propagating environments.

This paper proposes the novel concept of an optically invisible antenna built using photolithography that can be integrated in active display panels such as organic light emitting diodes and liquid crystal displays. Represented antenna-on-display (AoD), this proposed approach is exemplified for future millimeter-wave (mmWave) 5G cellular devices. Empirical examinations confirm devised diamond-grid-shaped 2000 Å-thick Ag-alloy electrodes on a glass substrate feature electrical loss...

This paper describes a low-profile 2× 2 multi-input multi-output (MIMO) antenna system that is fully functional over the entire long-term evolution (LTE) spectrum 699-960 MHz (lower frequency spectrum) and 1710-2690 (higher applicable to real-life metallic smartphone platforms. The presented methodology entails utilizing longitudinal edges of ground plane amid an extremely narrow clearance mm. frame utilized along with stub network devise reconfigurable coupled loop topology. proposed × MIMO...

For the first time, to best of our knowledge, this paper reports a complete millimeter wave (mmWave) wireless system, which coherently utilizes polarization diversity, multi-input multioutput (MIMO), and beamforming technologies applicable for upcoming fifth generation mobile terminals. Using an interdisciplinary approach across entire layers constituting antennas, RF architecture, digital modem, presented mmWave antenna system dynamically adapts channel environments MIMO transmission modes....

An energy-efficient 5G phased array incorporating a novel vertically polarized (V-pol) endfire planar folded slot antenna (PFSA) for user devices (TIE) is presented. First, we analytically amend existing millimeter-wave (mmWave) hybrid beamforming architectures that have precluded the uniqueness of antennas and TIEs. The total power consumption derived switchable TIE system estimated to be reduced by approximately 70% in comparison with recently reported fully digital mmWave under identical...

Fifth-generation wireless technology, denoted as “5G” by the global communications industry, seeks to accomplish multi-fold increases in key aspects of communication. In conjunction with conventional microwave frequencies, millimeter-wave (mmWave) and THz frequencies technologies are being investigated major research institutions industry. Deliberations underway regulatory officials around world authorize mmWave sub-THz spectrum for 5G fixed mobile applications. development communication...

Future electronics and Internet of Things devices with the capability high-speed wireless communication will increasingly rely on efficient intelligent antennas. However, conventional systems for small suffer from low radiation efficiencies miniaturized antennas implemented within less-than ideal locations real estates. Here, we introduce original concept utilizing entire transparent region high-resolution organic light-emitting diode (OLED) touch displays to render an antenna that is...

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> A low-profile, electrically small antenna with omnidirectional vertically polarized radiation similar to a short monopole is presented. The features less than <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$\lambda/40$</tex> </formula> dimension in height and Notation="TeX">$\lambda/10$</tex> or smaller lateral dimension. matched 50 Notation="TeX">$\Omega$</tex></formula> coaxial line without...

An integrated multilayer antenna-in-package (AiP) targeted for stationary 60-GHz communication is presented. The key differences in design conditions mass-market-level and prototype-level AiP are discussed reflected during the process. Hence, a low-cost high-reliability package solution realized. proposed consists of 4 <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex Notation="TeX">$\,\times\,$</tex></formula> 6...

A novel antenna module solution which dramatically alleviates cost and fabrication related limitations of traditional 60-GHz modules is demonstrated. The topology wholly devised using industry standard FR-4 PCB integrated into the transceiver carrier board. As a result, proposed approach effectively bypasses need for any complicated grid array assemblies first time to author's best knowledge. element designed confirmed exhibit more than 9-GHz bandwidth 71% average radiation efficiency from...

This paper demonstrates the possibility and feasibility of an ultralow-cost antenna-in-package (AiP) solution for upcoming generation wireless local area networks (WLANs) denoted as IEEE802.11ad. The iterative design procedure focuses on maximally alleviating inherent disadvantages high-volume FR4 process at 60 GHz such its relatively high material loss fabrication restrictions. Within planar antenna package, element, vertical transition, feedline, low- high-speed interfaces are allocated in...

A 3-D absorptive frequency-selective transmission (AFST) structure that does not require any lumped components and featuring very wide two-sided absorption bandwidths is proposed in this letter. The fundamental design concept illustrated the possibility to AFST without discussed. exhibits a passband at 6.3 GHz with bands from 1.15 5.45 (130.3% bandwidth) for lower band 7.1 12.9 (58% upper band. modeled simulated using two different full-wave simulation tools. An equivalent circuit model...

This article describes a low-profile frequency-adjustable planar folded slot antenna (PFSA) system that is applicable to real-life smartphone platforms at the millimeter-wave (mmWave) 5G spectrum. Critical challenges are attributed from frequency discrepancy between sub-6 GHz and mmWave discussed. The multithrow topology used minimize distortion of far-field radiation pattern due beam squint while adjusting resonant 27.95 28.65 GHz. presented methodology entails using switch chip directly on...

This communication describes a wideband switched-beam antenna fed by compact single-layer beamforming network. First, novel hybrid coupler structure that can provide an arbitrary phase difference over bandwidth larger than 58% is proposed with the theoretical analysis. Based on this configuration, 4 ×4 Butler matrix devised need for standalone shifters and crossovers eliminated. The achieves widest among structures up to present. Consequently, array realized utilizing log-periodic endfire...

This paper presents a compact millimeter-wave (mm-Wave) phased array incorporating inverted-L antenna (ILA) with high-impedance electromagnetic surfaces (HIS) based on single-layer FR-4 PCB for user equipment (UE). In order to realize mm-Wave UE in low production cost, the design methodology of is proposed without any additional packaging process. The presented consists low-coupled element and loss feeding networks compressed linear configuration 0.39λ <sub...

This communication presents a concept of sub-6 GHz antenna-on-display (AoD) that can eventually be integrated into the transparent area display panel various wireless devices for first time in literature. The transparency proposed microwave AoD is realized using metal mesh conductive film and features optical transparency, which compatible with high-resolution liquid crystal (LCD)/organic light-emitting diode (OLED) requirements. To maximize radiation efficiency despite extremely thin...

We have grown pseudomorphic InxGa1−xAs/In0.52Al0.48As modulation-doped heterostructures by molecular-beam epitaxy under carefully controlled growth conditions. Mobilities as high 13 900, 74 000, and 134 000 cm2/V s are measured at 300, 77, 4.2 K in a heterostructure with x=0.65. Shubnikov–de Haas measurements indicate that the change effective mass increasing In is not significant responsible for enhancement mobilities. believe improvement results from reduced alloy scattering, intersubband...