Defensive genes in plants can be activated by several different types of nonpeptide signaling molecules. An endogenous polypeptide, consisting 18 amino acids, was isolated from tomato leaves and able at very low concentrations to induce the synthesis two wound-inducible proteinase inhibitor proteins when supplied young plants. The sequence polypeptide determined, an identical synthesized that possessed full inducing activity. These data establish a factor initiate signal transduction...

The platelet glycoprotein IIb (alpha(IIb); CD41) constitutes the alpha subunit of a highly expressed surface integrin protein. We demonstrate that CD41 serves as earliest marker primitive erythroid progenitor cells in embryonic day 7 (E7.0) yolk sac and high-level expression identifies essentially all E8.25 definitive hematopoietic progenitors. Some fetal liver bone marrow also express CD41. Hematopoietic stem cell competitive repopulating ability is present CD41(dim) CD41(lo/-) isolated...

Recent studies demonstrated that stromal cells isolated from adult bone marrow have the competence of differentiating into neuronal in vitro and vivo . However, capacity or mesenchymal stem (MSCs) to differentiate diverse cell populations identity molecular factors confer with a subtype yet be elucidated. Here, we show Sonic hedgehog (Shh) retinoic acid (RA), signaling molecules secreted tissues vicinity peripheral sensory ganglia during embryogenesis, exert synergistic effects on...

Six small molecular mass, wound-inducible trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitor proteins from tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) leaves were isolated to homogeneity. The isoinhibitors, cumulatively called (TTI), have masses of approximately 5500 5800 D, calculated gel filtration analysis amino acid content. sequence the entire 53 residues one isoinhibitor, TTI-1, 36 N terminus a second TTI-5, determined. two isoinhibitors differ only at residue 11, which is threonine in TTI-1 lysine TTI-5. are members...

The primary structure-activity relationships of systemin, an 18-amino acid polypeptide from tomato leaves that regulates the expression two wound-inducible proteinase inhibitor genes in and potato plants, were investigated. Analogs only example a signal synthesized with progressive deletions amino acids both NH2 terminus COOH assayed young excised plants. All analogs exhibited severely decreased inhibitor-inducing activities, indicating entire sequence is necessary for maximal activity....

Abstract This study investigates the impact of employment externalization (in form limited‐term vs. permanent status) on customer‐oriented service behavior, and how identification processes may help to resolve ‘paradox externalization’ (i.e., organizations relying more potentially disenfranchised employees maintain strong connections with their customers). Survey data were obtained from 369 sales, service, technical support personnel Canadian subsidiary a large international organization in...

Abstract Translocations are an important tool for wildlife conservation, although progress in the field of reintroduction biology has been hindered by ad hoc and opportunistic nature many translocations. We used experimental translocation to elucidate role raccoon roundworm ( Baylisascaris procyonis ) inbreeding depression decline Allegheny woodrat Neotoma magister ), endangered species. translocated woodrats from genetically diverse populations core species range 4 previously occupied sites...

Preclinical optimization of compounds toward viable drug candidates requires an integrated understanding properties that impact predictions the clinically efficacious dose. The importance optimizing half-life, unbound clearance, and potency how they dose are discussed in this letter. Modest half-life improvements for short can dramatically lower relationship between is nonlinear when clearance kept constant, whereas linear constant. Due to difference, we show more sensitive changes than...

Hematopoietic and endothelial cells may be derived from a common precursor cell (hemangioblast) during embryogenesis; however, some evidence suggests that hematopoietic emerge cells. The onset of definitive hematopoiesis at E8.25 in the murine embryo is marked by high-level CD41 expression. We questioned whether these were directly mesoderm or emerged endothelium. At 8.25 days post coitus (dpc), was coexpressed with CD31, CD34, Flk1 intraluminal round appeared to arise flattened lining yolk...

The important anticancer drug Taxol (paclitaxel, PTX) owes its unique activity to ability bind tubulin in a stoichiometric ratio and promote assembly into microtubules. conformation of the microtubule-bound has been focus numerous research efforts, since inability polymerized form crystals precludes structure proof by X-ray crystallography. Likewise, although α,β-tubulin dimer solved electron crystallography, 3.7 Å resolution is too low permit direct determination either ligand or binding...

Abstract Captive breeding to augment wild animal populations is an important tool in the recovery of imperiled species, but low post‐release survival and substantial program expenses require methodologies that maximize utility. We evaluated captive‐reared A llegheny woodrats ( N eotoma magister ) introduced into a declining metapopulation southern I ndiana. hard‐released 16 2011 soft‐released 14 2012, while monitoring parallel samples 17 wild‐born individuals each year, respectively....

The positron-emission tomography (PET) probe 2-(1-[6-[(2-fluoroethyl)(methyl)amino]-2-naphthyl]ethylidene) (FDDNP) is used for the noninvasive brain imaging of amyloid-β (Aβ) and other amyloid aggregates present in Alzheimer’s disease neurodegenerative diseases. A series FDDNP analogs has been synthesized characterized using spectroscopic computational methods. binding affinities these molecules have measured experimentally explained through use a model. were created by systematically...

ABSTRACT Bobcat ( Lynx rufus ) populations in the Midwestern United States experienced historic declines due to habitat loss and exploitation but have rebounded recent decades. We investigated natal dispersal of juvenile bobcats from a population south‐central Indiana, USA, 1999 2006. radiocollared 16 (11 M, 5 F) monitored them for 237–1,014 days (x̄ = 506). One female (20%) 11 males (100%) dispersed home ranges that averaged 14.6 km 2 size. Most juveniles (70%) initiated mid‐February...

Overwinter weight loss of Indiana bats (Myotis sodalis) was assessed during the 1989–1990 and 1990–1991 winters at three hibernacula (high, low, no human visitation) in southern Indiana. We weighed 4264 M. sodalis captured autumn swarming spring emergence periods. Mean weights were less than mean for males females both years. loss, expressed as a percentage weight, ranged from 15% to 33% least cave that received visitation four sex-year combinations. The magnitude overwinter differed among...

T-Taxol is a proposal for the bioactive conformation of paclitaxel (PTX) derived from fitting ligand conformations to electron crystallographic (EC) density. Although confirmed by number studies, some structural ambiguities based on interpretation two solid-state REDOR (13)C-(19)F distances in fluorinated PTX derivative remain. An evaluation static and dynamic properties PTX-tubulin complex shows that small 6-12 degrees variations calculated torsions justifiable increase distance error > or...

ABSTRACT Raccoon roundworm ( Baylisascaris procyonis ), a common gastrointestinal parasite of the raccoon Procyon lotor has been implicated in population declines Allegheny woodrats Neotoma magister ). Medicinal baiting is viable tool wildlife disease management although unique challenges exist for pathogenic systems which host can be immediately re‐infected following treatment. Our goals were to evaluate efficacy using monthly distribution anthelmintic baits reduce prevalence B. infection...

Two commercially available defined‐substrate coliform tests were compared with EC medium plus 4‐methylumbelliferyl‐β‐D‐glucuronide (MUG) for detecting chlorine‐exposed Escherichia coli in spiked water samples. Statistical analyses of the test results indicated no significant differences detection E. between Autoanalysis Colilert and MUG. There were, however, ColiQuik MUG free‐chlorine‐exposed pure culture studies when all data combined. All methods capable 1 cfu/l00 mL coli.