When laying hen diets are enriched with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids to generate value-added eggs for human consumption markets, concentrations of alpha-linolenic (ALA), eicosapentaenoic (EPA), and docosahexaenoic (DHA) in the yolk can reach 250 mg/50 g whole egg. Flaxseed, a rich source ALA, is commonly used enrichment; however, impact dietary flaxseed (extracted oil vs. milled seed) on acid transfer egg hens unknown. Therefore, EPA, DHA into from extracted or was evaluated Hy-Line...

Abstract Background The initial intestinal microbiota acquired from different sources has profound impacts on animal health and productivity. In modern poultry production practices, the source(s) of establishing microbes their overall contribution during development gastrointestinal tract communities are still unclear. Using fertilized eggs two independent sources, we assessed impact eggshell- environmental-associated microbial successional processes bacterial community structure throughout...

Aerosolized endotoxins such as Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), found in livestock environments, induce an inflammatory mediator cascade. Poultry are commonly exposed to LPS over the growth cycle; however, little is known regarding cumulative impact of intramuscular injection and its effects on immune cellular metabolism, pathway preferences, clearance response. Utilizing a model chickens can offer insight into host responses provide better understanding tolerance this endotoxin major component...

Gait scoring is a useful measure for evaluating broiler production efficiency, welfare status, bone quality, and physiology. The research objective was to track characterize spatiotemporal three-dimensional locomotive behaviors of individual broilers with known gait scores by jointly using deep-learning algorithms, depth sensing, image processing. Ross 708 were placed on platform specifically designed manually categorized into one three numerical scores. Normal cameras installed the ceiling...

Abstract Probiotic feed additives with potential to enhance performance, health, and immunity have gained considerable popularity in commercial broiler production. The study objectives were measure gut integrity, splenic immune cell profiles birds fed one of two probiotics at inclusion levels. Nine hundred sixty Ross 708 broilers (12 per pen) randomly assigned no additive control, 0.05% or 0.10% LactoCare (Lactobacillus reuteri), LactoPlan plantarum) dietary treatments for 6 wk. On day 27, a...

Compounds in microalgae-derived feed ingredients poultry diets may improve intestinal physiology and immunity to protect against damage induced by physiological pathogen challenges, but mechanisms are examined sparingly. The study objective was evaluate changes morphology, permeability, systemic broilers fed a proprietary microalgae ingredient during 2 separate challenge studies. In 1, two replicate 28 d battery cage trials used 200 Ross 308 each (n = 400) control diet ± 0.175% algae...

The objectives of this experiment were to evaluate the effect oil source and peroxidation status on broiler performance oxidative stress. Broilers (initial BW 85.1 ± 7.8 g) allotted 40 cages with 5 birds per cage in a completely randomized design. 4 × 2 factorial arrangement treatments consisted (palm oil, soybean flaxseed fish oil) (fresh or peroxidized). fed experimental diets for 20 d measure growth performance; day 21 experiment, plasma liver samples harvested analysis stress including...

Dietary egg yolk-derived anti-interleukin (IL)-10 may preserve broiler chicken performance during coccidiosis due to Eimeria spp. infection while effects on secondary Clostridium perfringens (necrotic enteritis) are unknown. Some necrotic enteritis models implement Salmonella Typhimurium improve repeatability; however, upregulation of IL-10 be a confounder when evaluating anti-IL-10. The study objective was investigate anti-IL-10 systemic cytokine concentrations and immunometabolism E....

Modern commercial broilers have been genetically selected for fast growth and heavy breast muscling, contributing to a top-heavy phenotype increased leg lameness. A quick-growing coupled with poor health fosters inactivity. The objective of this study was stimulate broiler movement using novel environmental enrichment determine the impact on production, health, parameters. total 1,200 Ross 308 were housed in 40 pens 30 birds/pen 6 wk 2 separate rooms (laser or control). Each device mounted...

Yeast-derived 1,3/1,6 β-glucans may alter host immunity to produce robust and quickly resolved responses that align with companion animal health goals. In adult dogs, immunomodulation by yeast in extruded kibble diet have not been well documented. The study objective was evaluate systemic immune dogs fed diets two doses before after vaccine challenge. Twenty-four Labrador Retrievers were assigned three dietary treatments consisting of a basal (control) supplemented 0.012% or 0.023% (0.5 1×,...

Genetic selection for breast yields and fewer days to market has inadvertent effects on broiler meat quality. Woody (WB) white striping (WS) are pectoralis major myopathies prevalent in commercial broilers. Effects of voluntary exercise these disorders, specifically, unknown. A second-generation laser enrichment device shown induce activity Ross 308 708 birds was implemented using 1,360 broilers randomly assigned or control 49 d. Laser-enriched were exposed 6-min periods 4 times daily....

Evaluating differences in immune responses to Eimeria spp. between poultry genetic lines could be valuable for understanding favorable traits address coccidiosis, a costly disease. The objective was compare peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) immunometabolism and composition during challenge three distinct highly inbred lines; Leghorn Ghs6, Ghs13, Fayoumi M5.1.At hatch, 180 chicks (60/ line) were placed wire-floor cages (10 chicks/cage) fed commercial diet. Baseline PBMC isolated on d21...

There is current interest in increasing human vitamin D dietary intake without having to modify eating habits. One method increase generate eggs with increased concentrations of through high-concentration feeding the diets laying hens. Although can be produced high D, consequences these on hen performance and egg quality have not been validated. The objective this research quantify effects cholecalciferol (D3) quality. Hy-Line W36 hens were placed 1 5 experimental for 40 wk: 1) control...

Hyperimmunized hens are an effective means of generating large quantities antigen specific egg antibodies that have use as oral supplements. In this study, we attempted to create a peptide antibody produced outcomes similar those the human pharmaceutical, sevelamer HCl, used in treatment hyperphosphatemia (a sequela chronic renal disease). Egg were generated against 8 different intestinal sodium-dependent phosphate cotransporter 2b (NaPi2b) peptides, and hNaPi2b screened for their ability...

Modern broilers are selected for fast growth and a large proportion of breast tissue, contributing to top-heavy phenotype, leg disorders, inactivity as birds reach market weight. Therefore, the objective was motivate move through environmental enrichment. A total 1,200 Ross 308 were housed in pens 30 6 wk: 600 exposed novel laser enrichment device (LASER) control. Each projected 2 randomly moving red dots onto floor 4 times/day 4-min "laser periods." Seven LASER 7 control pens, with 5 focal...

Cellular metabolic preference is a culmination of environment, nutrition, genetics, and individual variation in poultry. The Seahorse XFe24 analyzer was used to generate foundational immune cellular data layer, broiler, legacy genetic strains using fresh chicken peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Baseline mitochondrial respiration [oxygen consumption rate (OCR)] glycolytic activity [extracellular acidification (ECAR)] were determined modern commercial laying hen (Bovans White)...

1. New production processes and additional uses for corn co-products have increased the availability of distiller's dried grains with solubles (DDGS) varying energy amino acid digestibility, use in poultry feed. The objective this study was to determine performance, N-corrected metabolisable (AMEn), (AA) digestibility a 34% CP (as fed) high-protein DDGS (HP-DDGS) included diets Cobb 500 broiler chickens.2. A total 832 broilers were randomly assigned four dietary treatments containing 5%...

The increased cost of energy for laying hen diets has resulted in the use enzymes, such as xylanase, to increase digestibility and thereby reduce need dietary energy. A 24-wk-long experiment was conducted using 432 twenty-week-old Hy-Line W36 first-cycle hens determine effects concentrations xylanase supplementation (Hostazym X 100) on performance, ME, body composition. Three were fed with without a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement treatments. Diets reformulated twice over (wk 30 40) due feed...

Anti-interleukin (IL)-10 may preserve broiler performance during coccidiosis by diminishing Eimeria spp. host-evasion but has not been evaluated secondary Clostridium perfringens challenge (necrotic enteritis). Early Salmonella Typhimurium inoculation is implemented in some models to improve repeatability-a potential confounder due using similar IL-10 host evasion pathways. The objective was evaluate and disease outcomes broilers fed anti-IL-10 necrotic enteritis ± S. Typhimurium. Three 42 d...

While it is well established that active vitamin D treatment increases dietary phytate phosphate utilization, the mechanism by which intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) participates in use less clear. The ability of human IAP (hIAP) oral antibodies to prevent utilization presence 1α-hydroxycholecalciferol (1α-(OH) D3) a chick model was investigated. hIAP specific chicken immunoglobulin Y (IgY) were generated inoculating laying hens with 17 synthetic peptides derived from amino acid...

Required auditing of on-farm broiler welfare in the United States has increased; however, a lack validated tools exists for assessment enrichment. National Chicken Council (NCC) guidelines were used on subset 300 Ross 308 broilers out 1200 to validate and adapt measures. Half exposed environmental enrichment, hence these measures evaluate enrichment within context behavior welfare, although nature is not described detail here as aim serve solely description validation methods using example...

Lipid-soluble components in late-cutting alfalfa are linked to beneficial immune and microbiota responses mouse challenge models; therefore, a comparative poultry Eimeria model were investigated. The study objective was evaluate performance, immunity, the cecal broilers fed ground hay or lipid-soluble extract from late (fifth) cutting during challenge. At hatch, 432 Ross 708 placed 24 floor pens (18 birds/pen) assigned 3 isocaloric/isonitrogenous dietary treatments consisting of control, 5%...

Dietary anti-interleukin (IL)-10 antibodies may protect broiler performance during coccidiosis by inhibiting Eimeria host-evasion pathways; however, anti-IL-10's effects on microbial communities and secondary Clostridium perfringens (necrotic enteritis) challenge is unknown. The study objectives were to assess the jejunal microbiota of broilers fed anti-IL-10 E. maxima ± C. challenge. Two replicate studies using Ross 308 chicks placed in wire-floor cages (32 cages/ study; 20 chicks/ cage)...