Intoxicated eyewitnesses are often discredited by investigators and in court, but few studies have examined how alcohol affects witnesses' memory. The primary aim of the present study was to examine intoxication (alcohol vs. control), retention interval (immediate one week delay), number interviews (one two interviews) affect participants (N = 99) were randomly assigned consume either orange juice or mixed with juice, they all witnessed a filmed mock crime afterwards. recall took place (a)...

Abstract The present experiment investigated whether increased media exposure could lead to an increase in memory distortions regarding a traumatic public event: the explosion of No. 30 bus Tavistock Square, London on 7 July 2005. A total 150 Swedish and UK participants completed series questionnaires about their either (i) aftermath explosion, (ii) non-existent computerised reconstruction moment or (iii) closed circuit television footage explosion. In line with availability heuristic, were...

Research on deception has consistently shown that people are poor at detecting deception, partly due to lack of consistent cues deception. This research focuses eliciting verbal when questioning suspects who deny crime and how such differ type questioning. An experiment examined differences between innocent guilty mock (N=96) as a function veracity interview style (Free recall, Probes, or Free recall plus Probes). Guilty (vs innocent) omitted more crime-relevant information their statements...

Purpose In this experiment we examined whether an unanticipated spatial task could increase the differences between lying and truth telling groups of adolescents. addition, explored there are some elements such a that elicit more diagnostic cues to deception than others. Methods three, adolescents ( N = 150, aged 13–14) either experienced (‘truth tellers’) or imagined (‘liars’) event. subsequent individual interviews, were asked provide both general verbal description event (the anticipated...

Alcohol affects memory in many, and mostly negative, ways. This is a problem legal contexts as many witnesses are alcohol intoxicated when taking part of the critical event. However, research sparse regarding how, under what circumstances, reports differ from those sober witnesses. study investigated whether eyewitnesses completeness, accuracy, type information reported, well gender influenced these variables. Eighty-seven healthy men (n = 44) women 43) received either an alcoholic beverage...

This study investigated how different doses of alcohol affected eyewitness recall. Participants ( N = 126) were randomly assigned to three groups with blood concentration BAC ), either a control group (mean 0.00%, 42), lower dose 0.04%, 40), or higher 0.06%, 44). After consumption, participants witnessed movie mock crime and interviewed one week later. The main results showed that witnesses the intoxication level recalled fewer details compared level. amount consumed did not have an impact...

Abstract Research has shown that cues to deception are more salient as an effect of strategic use evidence (SUE) during interviews. This study examined the feasibility SUE‐technique for eliciting children's deception. Experiment 1 investigated verbal a function early vs . late disclosure evidence. Eighty‐four children (12–14 years) either guilty or innocent mock crime were interviewed. As predicted, deceptive statements significantly inconsistent with than truthful statements, and this was...

Witnesses to violent crimes are often alcohol intoxicated, but few studies have investigated the impact of on witness reports. This study how intoxication and time interview affected reports intimate partner violence (IPV). One hundred thirty six healthy men ( N = 66) women 70) were randomized an group (0.8g/kg for men, 0.75g/kg women) or control 66), given juice. Participants consumed drinks in a laboratory setting before they witnessed IPV scenario. Fifty percent intoxicated sober...

In this paper we focused on children's deception (10-12 years, Experiment 1), and adult's ability detect in children (Experiment 2).The self-presentational perspective (DePaulo, 1992) suggests that both liars truth tellers will try to act a convincing manner be assessed as tellers.By asking unanticipated questions put the following dilemma: If they did not answer would risk being considered avoidant and, thus, run of discredited.On other hand, if failing like teller, thereby discredited.In 1...

Abstract In order to obtain the most informative and correct statements, witnesses should be heard as soon possible after incident. However, this is not always possible. This experimental study investigated whether completing a Self-Administered Interview form (SAI) immediately critical event could enhance children's witness performance at later stage. Children (N = 194, age 11–12) reported their memory of an in structured SAI, open or did report (control). Two weeks later, children were...

The present study examined the effects of fantasy proneness on false “reports” and “memories”, existent non‐existent footage a public event. We predicted that highly prone individuals would be more likely to stand by their initial claim having seen film event than low participants when prompted for details about experiences. Eighty creative arts students 80 other were asked whether they had CCTV preceding attack Swedish foreign minister Anna Lindh up to, including, actual moment attack. If...

Children in two age groups (7 vs. 12 yrs, N= 174) individually interacted with a stranger and were later interviewed about this event. Right before the interview, each child encountered once again he engaged conversation where either suggested that (central or peripheral) detail originally present event had actually not been there an non-present fact there. It was hypothesized types of misinformation would result omission commission errors respectively. The results showed social influence...

Abstract In this case study, we examined how variations of the camera perspective affect adults' assessment veracity in a real‐life high‐stake situation; masked male confessing to very serious crime. The interview, conducted by one Sweden's most awarded journalists, lasted 30 minutes and consisted over 100 detailed questions about interview was videotaped simultaneously three cameras positioned at different locations, each taking unique visual perspective. One focused on suspect only,...

Obtaining an elaborate witness statement is essential for police investigations.Free recall, however, sometimes lacks richness of detail, especially in younger witnesses.Drawing from deception detection and educational psychological literature, we tested the beneficial value a model to enhance recall quantity without decreasing accuracy 48 adults (Experiment 1), 110 7-to 10-year-old children 14-to 17-year-old adolescents 2).Participants either listened unrelated account (i.e., statement) or...

Many witnesses to violent crimes are alcohol intoxicated, but research is lacking regarding how affects their perception of aggression and guilt. This study investigated what extent intoxicated eyewitnesses differed from sober aggressive guilty they perceived the involved parts in an intimate partner violence (IPV) situation. Eighty-seven healthy men (n = 44) women 43) were randomized group (0.7 g/kg) or a non-alcohol group. In laboratory setting, alcoholic/non-alcoholic drinks consumed...

The empirical base relating to alcohol's effects on underlying memory mechanisms among witnesses is sparse. Therefore, the effect of alcohol intoxication was investigated, as well how degree and interview delay affected gist detail elaboration in these witnesses' reports. Participants (n = 136) were randomized an group (men: 0.8 g/kg, women: 0.75 g/kg) 70) or a control 66), given juice. After consumption, they witnessed intimate partner violence-scenario, performed tasks assessing...

This study examined the effect of social influence on children's witness reports, with respect to a number details varying in centrality. Children ( N = 115; age 10 years, 4 months 13 8 months) were interviewed about personally experienced event. Half children together confederate who answered interview questions before child did, while other half alone. influenced by confederate's answers withhold some critical observed (omission errors), but not add (commission errors). When asked follow...

In an experimental study on social influence, children (aged 11–12 years, N = 176) were interviewed about a personally experienced interaction with stranger. Before the interview they watched video‐recorded statement from another witness (adult or child), who suggested either that (a) person was present during event (a passenger) had actually not been present, (b) non‐present present. The influence resulted in both commission and omission errors children's reports. correctly claimed to have...

Children's memory reports are often sparse, which increases the need for efficient interview methods. The present study investigated whether odour reinstatement can aid children's and increase amount of information recalled from an experienced event. Children (N = 106, mean age 10 years, 8 months) a magic show where vanilla was were interviewed about their event either one week, or six months, after show. During interview, half children re-experienced same odour. In contrast to studies on...

Professionals who evaluate witness testimony must understand the developmental factors that can affect statements credibility. This online vignette study investigated in how far 102 legal professionals (e.g., judges, attorneys, and police officers) were aware of age-related differences false memory formation reversal effect). Swedish, Norwegian, Dutch received a case about female had witnessed her mother's murder. We manipulated age (6 versus 22 years old) disclosure (spontaneous...

Most previous eyewitness research has been experimental, and studies examining real events are few. The present study examined reports from a real-life, extremely stressful event; the sinking of passenger ship Estonia in 1994. We analysed police 131 survivors (age 12–72, 82% men) through thematic analysis. results showed that what could be controlled, most were accurate. Thus, this indicates such life-threatening event may reliable. Also, as studies, many fragmentary or incomplete. However,...