This paper proposes a novel linear permanent-magnet (PM) vernier machine, which offers high force density, efficiency, simple structure, and low cost. The novelty of the proposed machine is substantiated by integrating appropriate magnetization directions PMs in armature core. First, structure operation principle are descried. subsequently designed for given set specifications its electromagnetic performances analyzed time-stepped transient finite-element method. An analytical equation...

Four wheel independently driven (4WID) electric vehicles are promising vehicle architectures. However, the complex coordination control of four driving motors and operation reliability challenges. In this paper, to address multimotor coordinate against actuator faults in 4WID system, combining adaptive sliding mode (ASM) fault-tolerant (FT) allocation, an (ASM-FTC) is proposed. First, a new dynamic model with motor fault set up. layer, variable exponential reaching law used ASM alleviate...

This paper proposes a new outer-rotor fault-tolerant permanent-magnet vernier machine for electric vehicles. It can offer the advantages of high torque density, low-speed high-torque operation and inherently negligible coupling between phases, namely characteristic. The key proposed is to newly introduce flux-modulation poles which effectively modulate high-speed rotating field armature windings (PM) outer rotor. In addition, single-layer multi-phase fractional slot concentrated are adopted...

A five-phase fault-tolerant permanent-magnet (FTPM) motor can offer high torque density, low ripple, and good capability. In order to improve operation performance under an open-circuit fault condition, this paper proposes a new remedial field-oriented control (RFOC) strategy for FTPM motor. The novelty of the proposed RFOC lies in orthogonal reduced-order transformation matrix, which is derived from current references, zero-sequence related ripple. pulsation neutral voltage be neglected...

This paper introduces a novel fault-tolerant control for the maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) operation in five-phase interior permanent magnet synchronous machine (IPMSM), termed MTPA control. The key of this is that reluctance considered and used by under open-circuit fault. Based on decoupled model IPMSM frame computing method d-axis q-axis voltages various faults, virtual signal injection (VSIC) can be applied to realize postfault field-oriented (FOC) carrier-based PWM (CPWM). parameter...

In this paper, a new hybrid stator developed from conventional open-slot and split-tooth stators is proposed for fault-tolerant permanent-magnet (PM) vernier (FTPMV) machine to improve its performance. The design considerations of the FTPMV machines are presented. Afterward, on basis designed stator, with surface-mounted spoke-array PMs analyzed, respectively. Comparative evaluation FTPMV, PM performed by using finite-element (FE) analysis. It found that definitely offer improved...

This paper proposes a torque ripple reduction method for five-phase interior permanent magnet (PM) motor by shifting asymmetrical rotor poles. The key of this is to consider the PM ripple, reluctance and cogging simultaneously from two aspects. First, main interactional harmonic, contributing between stator magnetic motive force (MMF) MMF developed. Then, appropriate combination unequal pole arcs adopted eliminate harmonic. Second, pole-pair selected as repeating unit which produces with...

Various indices are used for assessing vegetation and soil properties in satellite remote sensing applications. Some indices, such as NDVI NDWI, defined based on the sensitivity significance of specific bands. Nowadays, capability with a good number bands high spatial resolution is available. Instead classification this paper explores direct using selected Recently launched Sentinel-2A adopted case study. Three methods compared, where first approach utilizes traditional latter two approaches...

Permanent-magnet vernier machine has an excellent potential for electric vehicles due to its desirable features of a simple mechanical structure and high torque density, whereas the poor power factor is main drawback. In this paper, spoke-type permanent-magnet designed optimized density improvement. First, structure, operation principle, sizing equation are introduced. Then, by multi-objective genetic algorithm. To enhance optimization efficiency accuracy, multi-level, sensitivity analysis,...

To suppress the disturbance caused by parameter mismatch, this article proposes an adjustable model predictive control (AMPC) strategy for interior permanent-magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) drives. The key of proposed method is that improved reference adaptive system (IMRAS) applied to identify online parameters. traditional proportional-integral (PI) controller in law IMRAS replaced a fuzzy logic controller, it can improve identification accuracy and enhance robustness sudden variations...

This paper compares the fractional-slot concentrated-winding (FSCW) configurations of permanent-magnet vernier (PMV) machines. The representative three-phase FSCW PMV machines with 12 slots are considered, in which number per pole phase (SPP) is 1/2, 2/5 and 2/7. Each SPP relates to two winding configurations, namely double-layer single-layer. Based on same electric loading, they designed have peripheral dimensions. star applied analyze these initially including connection, factors. A simple...

Five-phase fault-tolerant permanent-magnet motors incorporate the merits of high-efficiency and high capability. By adopting control technique, these can continue operating even fault occurs. This paper proposes two space vector pulse-width modulation (SVPWM) strategies, namely symmetric one asymmetric one. The novelty proposed SVPWM strategies includes parts. One is that voltage locations in both are reconfigured based on a new diagram. Another process switching calculation under similar to...

This paper presents a third harmonic current injection method for five-phase permanent-magnet (PM) motor with trapezoidal back electromotive force (EMF) under postfault field oriented control (FOC). The key of the proposed is online calculation and FOC. FOC lies in fundamental decoupled model based on concept maintaining spatial circular rotation PM flux linkage vector magnetic motive open-circuit fault. Based mathematical torque pulsations caused by harmonics air-gap flux, injected can be...

This paper proposes a new decoupling control for permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) in which both the support vector machine generalized inverse (SVMGI) and internal model (IMC) are employed. By introducing SVMGI systems into original PMSM system, pseudo-linear system is developed. Moreover, based on characteristics of IMC theory utilized to design extra controllers improve robustness whole system. Consequently, proposed strategy incorporates merits IMC. The utility demonstrated by...

The aim of this paper is to design and investigate two fault-tolerant interior-permanent-magnet motors for high reliability operation. first one the spoke type, while second has V-shape magnets embedded in rotor. structures features both are presented optimal designs performed. electromagnetic performances, such as <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="TeX">$dq$</tex-math></inline-formula> -axis...

This paper presents and compares two permanent magnet vernier (PMV) motors with fractional slot concentrated windings (FSCWs) integral distributed (ISDWs). The ISDW PMV motor is newly proposed optimized for a fair comparison the existing FSCW one. equations of back electromotive force both are investigated derived showing that has potential to obtain higher torque capability. Also, their electromagnetic performances, such as capability, fault tolerance, loss, efficiency, calculated compared...

This paper proposes and designs a new five-phase modular flux-switching permanent-magnet (M-FSPM) machine for high reliability applications. The key is the topology which incorporates concept of fault-tolerant teeth (FTT) to provide desired decoupling among phases. electromagnetic performances newly designed M-FSPM machines having 18 19 rotor poles are quantitatively analyzed including flux, back-EMF, cogging torque as well unbalanced magnetic force (UMF). results show that proposed not only...

This paper proposes a novel spoke-type permanent-magnet (PM) motor with auxiliary salient poles (ASPs). With these ASPs, unequal ASPs and shifted in the circumferential direction can be realized combined to reduce torque pulsation, while their functions are different. Unequal employed eliminate second-order pulsation. Nevertheless, selected first-order Additionally, relationship between angle or of order pulsation is revealed. Furthermore, revealed principle reduction extended other...

This paper presents an online maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) control strategy for interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) drives based on a space vector signal injection (SVSI) method. The key of the proposed method is that high-frequency injected into directly. Then, MTPA operational point analyzed by variation in stator flux linkage amplitude and current magnitude. Since voltage vector, there no need to consider bandwidth speed loop frequency selection signal. In addition,...

This article investigates the effect of phase shift angle on radial force and vibration behavior in dual three-phase permanent magnet (PM) synchronous motor (DTP-PMSM). First, elimination principles stator magneto-motive harmonics with different angles are derived. Afterward, a 48-slot/22-pole DTP-PMSM appropriate windings configurations analyzed from perspectives electromagnetic performance detail. It is found that 7.5° 30° have great significance for reducing amplitude harmonics. The...

This paper proposes a method of reducing total torque ripple by magnets shifting. The key this is to consider the reluctance ripple, because main source in inset permanent magnet synchronous motor. realized appropriately choosing Repeating Unit, which indicates group poles producing torques with consistency waveforms and phases. Meanwhile, uniform analytical expressions shifting are established, including cogging torque, torque. Moreover, can be reduced greatly, average loss acceptable when...