In human obesity, white adipose tissue (WAT) is enriched in macrophages. How macrophage infiltration WAT contributes to the complications of obesity unknown. This study tested hypothesis that recruitment macrophages omental associated with hepatic damage obese patients. Paired biopsies subcutaneous and a liver biopsy were collected during gastric surgery 46 women 9 men (BMI 47.9 +/- 0.93 kg/m(2)). The number HAM56+ was quantified microscopically, correlations clinical biological parameters...

This study aimed to compare the force ( F )–velocity v )–power P )–time t ) relationships of female and male world‐class sprinters. A total 100 distance–time curves (50 women 50 men) were computed from international 100‐m finals, determine acceleration deceleration phases each race: (a) mechanical variables describing velocity, force, power output; (b) F‐P‐v associated maximal output, theoretical velocity produced by athlete max , 0 V ). The results showed that sprint mean output (W/kg)...

Changes in muscle stiffness after exercise-induced damage have been classically inferred from passive torque-angle curves. Elastographic techniques can be used to estimate the shear modulus of a localized muscular area. This study aimed quantify changes elastic different regions elbow flexors eccentric exercise and their relation length.Shear transverse relaxation time (T2 ) were measured biceps brachii brachialis muscles sixteen participants, before, 1 h, 48 h 21 days three sets ten maximal...

This study investigated the effects of active and/or passive warm-up tasks on hamstring muscles stiffness through elastography and torque measurements. On separate occasions, fourteen males randomly completed four protocols comprising Control, Cycling, Foam rolling, or Cycling plus rolling (Mixed). The was assessed shear wave elastography, along with torque-angle relationship maximal range motion (ROM) before, 5, 30 minutes after each experimental condition. At 5 minutes, Mixed decreased...

This study determined the concurrent validity and reliability of force, velocity power measurements provided by accelerometry, linear position transducer Samozino’s methods, during loaded squat jumps. 17 subjects performed jumps on 2 separate occasions in 7 loading conditions (0–60% maximal concentric load). Force, patterns were averaged over push-off phase using a method based key positions jump, compared to force plate measurements. Concurrent analyses indicated very good agreement with...

Defining the origins of muscle injury has important rehabilitation and exercise applications. However, current knowledge damage mechanics in human remains unclear vivo. This study aimed to determine relationships between muscle-tendon unit during maximal eccentric contractions extent subsequent functional impairments induced by damage.The length unit, fascicles tendinous tissues was continuously measured on gastrocnemius medialis using ultrasonography, time with torque, 10 sets 30 plantar...

To compare the effect of low versus high volume eccentric-biased hamstring training programs on knee-flexor strength and fascicle length changes in elite soccer players.A total 19 youth players took part this study were randomly assigned into 2 subgroups. For 6 weeks in-season, groups performed either a low-volume (1 set per exercise; 10 repetitions total) or high-volume (4 sets; 40 repetitions) eccentric their knee flexors. After 6-weeks midtraining (MID), alternate regimen. Each consisted...

Abstract Purpose The purpose of the study was to investigate effects using a vibration foam roll (VFR) or non-vibration (NVFR) on maximum voluntary isometric contraction peak torque (MVIC), range motion (ROM), passive resistive (PRT), and shear modulus. Methods Twenty-one male volunteers visited laboratory two separate days were randomly assigned either VFR group NVFR group. Both interventions performed for 3 × 1 min each. Before after each intervention, leg extensors assessed with...

Purpose This study was designed to assess muscle coordination during a specific all-out sprint cycling task (Sprint). The aim estimate the EMG activity level of each group by referring submaximal condition (Sub150 W) and test hypothesis that maximal is reached for all muscles Sprint. Methods Fifteen well-trained cyclists were tested exercises series voluntary contractions (MVCs) in isometric isokinetic modes (MVC at three lower limb joints). Crank torque surface signals 11 continuously...

Purpose The purpose of this study was to compare neuromuscular adaptations induced by work-matched isoload (IL) versus isokinetic (IK) eccentric resistance training. Methods A total 31 healthy subjects completed a 9-wk IL (n = 11) or IK 10) training program for the knee extensors did not train (control group; n 10). and programs consisted 20 sessions, which entailed three five sets eight repetitions in respective modalities. amount work mean angular velocity were strictly matched between...

Purpose This study aimed to investigate the coordination of lower limb muscles during a specific fencing gesture in relation its mechanical effectiveness. Methods Maximal isokinetic concentric and isometric plantarflexor, dorsiflexor, knee hip extensor flexor torques 10 female elite saber fencers were assessed compared between both legs. Sabers completed three trials (i.e., marché-fente) on 6.60-m-long force platform system. Surface EMG activities 15 recorded time with ground reaction forces...

Performance during human movements is highly related to force and velocity muscle capacities. Those capacities are developed in elite athletes practicing power-oriented sports. However, it still unclear whether the balance between their velocity-generating constitutes an optimal profile. In this study, we aimed determine effect of sport background on force-velocity relationship squat jump, evaluate level optimization these profiles. Ninety-five cycling, fencing, taekwondo, athletic...

Knee extension and hip flexion range of motion (ROM) functional performance the hamstrings are great importance in many sports. The aim this study was to investigate if static stretching (SS) or vibration foam rolling (VFR) induce greater changes ROM, performance, stiffness hamstring muscles. Twenty-five male volunteers were tested on two appointments randomly assigned either a 2 min bout SS VFR. counter movement jump (CMJ) height, maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) peak torque,...

ABSTRACT Purpose The application of horizontal resistance is key in sprint training to modulate velocity and promote adaptations. However, the interaction between on muscle excitation remains insufficiently studied. This study assessed electromyographic (EMG) activity thigh gluteal muscles response varying during sprinting. Methods Thirty-seven elite athletes (27 females 10 males) performed two trials under three conditions: a 40-meter maximal without resisted sprints applied by robotic...

Background: Localized cooling has been proposed as an effective strategy to limit the deleterious effects of exercise-induced muscle damage on neuromuscular function. However, literature reports conflicting results. Purpose: This randomized controlled trial aimed determine a new treatment, localized air-pulsed cryotherapy (–30°C), recovery time-course function following strenuous eccentric exercise. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: A total 24 participants were included in...

The torque-sharing strategies between synergistic muscles may have important functional consequences. This study involved two experiments. first experiment ( n = 22) aimed 1) to determine the relationship distribution of activation and torque-generating capacity among heads hamstring, 2) describe individual whether these are similar legs. second 35) muscle affects endurance performance during a sustained submaximal knee flexion task. Surface electromyography (EMG) was recorded from biceps...

Although cold application (ie, cryotherapy) may be useful to treat sports injuries and prevent muscle damage, it is unclear whether has adverse effects on mechanical properties. This study aimed determine the effect of air‐pulsed cryotherapy stiffness estimated using ultrasound shear wave elastography. Myoelectrical activity, ankle passive torque, modulus (an index stiffness), temperature gastrocnemius medialis were measured before, during an (−30°C) treatment four sets 4 minutes with...

The effect of training on hamstring flexibility has been widely assessed through the measurement maximal range motion or passive torque. However, these global measures do not provide direct information muscle mechanical properties individual muscle. This characterization is crucial to better understand interventions as selective adaptations may occur among synergist muscles. Taking advantage shear wave elastography, we aimed determine whether elite sport athletes exhibit different modulus...