Theory predicts that intralocus sexual conflict can constrain the evolution of dimorphism, preventing each sex from independently maximizing its fitness. To test this idea, we limited genome‐wide gene expression to males in four replicate Drosophila melanogaster populations, removing female‐specific selection. Over 25 generations, male fitness increased markedly, as sexually dimorphic traits evolved direction. When male‐evolved genomes were expressed females, their displayed a nearly...

Abstract Evolution of increased immune defence is often limited by costs: correlated changes in other traits (viz. life‐history traits) that otherwise reduce the fitness host organisms. Experimental evolution studies are useful for understanding function and traits. We experimentally evolved replicate Drosophila melanogaster populations to better survive infection challenges with an entomopathogenic bacteria, Enterococcus faecalis . Within 35 generations directional selection, selected...

Sir2, an evolutionarily conserved NAD+-dependent deacetylase, has been implicated as a key factor in mediating organismal life span. However, recent contradictory findings have brought into question the role of Sir2 and its orthologs regulating longevity. In this study, we report that Drosophila (dSir2) adult fat body regulates longevity diet-dependent manner. We used inducible Gal4 drivers to knock down overexpress dSir2 tissue-specific A span phenotype perturbations (both knockdown...

Abstract Background Interlocus conflict predicts (a) evolution of traits, beneficial to males but detrimental females and (b) aging life-span under the influence cost bearing these traits. However, there are very few empirical investigations shedding light on predictions. Those that do address issues, mostly reported response male reproductive traits or lack it not life-history consequence such evolution. Here, we test both above mentioned predictions using experimental replicate populations...

Abstract.— Studies on selection for faster development in Drosophila have typically focused the trade‐offs among time, adult weight, and life span. Relatively less attention has been paid to evolution of preadult stages behaviors response such selection. We earlier reported that four laboratory populations D. melanogaster selected early reproduction, relative control populations, showed considerably reduced time survivorship, dry weight at eclosion, larval growth rates. Here we study phase...

When the cost of reproduction for males and variance in female quality are high, predicted to show adaptive mate choice. Using Drosophila melanogaster, we test this prediction that sperm limited preferentially mated with young and/or well fed females. The preferred females had higher reproductive output – direct evidence precopulatory male Our most striking finding is strong positive correlation between degree mating bias showed by fitness We discuss possible mechanism such choice propose...

In naturally polygamous organisms such as Drosophila, sperm competitive ability is one of the most important components male fitness and expected to evolve in response varying degrees male–male competition. Several studies have documented existence ample genetic variation males. However, many experimental evolution found be unresponsive selection. Even direct selection for increased has failed yield any measurable changes. Here we report (sperm defense-P1, offense-P2) a set replicate...

Four large ( n > 1000) populations of Drosophila melanogaster , derived from control maintained on a 3 week discrete generation cycle, were subjected to selection for fast development and early reproduction. Egg eclosion survivorship time dry weight at monitored every 10 generations. Over 70 generations selection, in the selected decreased by approximately 36 h relative controls, 20% decline. The difference male female was also reduced populations. Flies increasingly lighter than with...

Maintenance and deployment of the immune system are costly hence predicted to trade-off with other resource-demanding traits, such as reproduction. We subjected this longstanding idea test using laboratory experimental evolution approach. In present study, replicate populations Drosophila melanogaster were three selection regimes-I (Infection Pseudomonas entomophila), S (Sham-infection MgSO4 ), U (Unhandled Control). After 30 generations flies from I regime had evolved better survivorship...

Background Ability to resist temperature shock is an important component of fitness insects and other ectotherms. Increased resistance known affect life-history traits. Temperature also reproductive traits such as mating ability viability gametes. Therefore selection for increased can the evolution Methods We selected replicate populations Drosophila melanogaster cold shock. then investigated behavior along with components fitness- larval survivorship, adult mortality, fecundity, egg in...

Abstract Background Maintenance and deployment cost of immunity is high, therefore, it expected to trade-off with other high traits like sexual activity. Previous studies Drosophila melanogaster show that male’s ability clear bacteria decreases increase in We subjected this idea test using two pathogens ( Pseudomonas entomophila Staphylococcus succinus ) three different populations . Results found activity enhanced male survivorship a pathogen specific manner. Sexually active males higher...

In holometabolous animals such as Drosophila melanogaster, larval crowding can affect a wide range of and adult traits. Adults emerging from high density cultures have smaller body size increased mean life span compared to flies low cultures. Therefore, adaptation could potentially longevity correlated response. We addressed this issue by studying set large, outbred populations D. experimentally evolved for 83 generations. assayed both selected (MCUs) control (MBs) after growing them at...

Disease resistance (defined as the host capacity to limit systemic infection intensity) and disease tolerance infection-induced damage) are two complementary defense strategies that help hosts maximize their survival fitness when infected with pathogens parasites. In addition underlying physiological mechanisms, existing theory postulates these differ in terms of conditions under which each strategy evolves populations, evolutionary dynamics, ecological epidemiological consequences...

BackgroundIntralocus sexual conflict can inhibit the evolution of each sex towards its own fitness optimum. In a previous study, we confirmed this prediction through experimental removal female selection pressures in Drosophila melanogaster, achieved by limiting expression all major chromosomes to males. Compared control populations (C1-4) where genomes are exposed both sexes, with male-limited (ML1-4) showed rapid increases male fitness, whereas females expressing ML-evolved decreased...

Although multiple lines of evidence suggest that early adult life is very important in shaping the reproductive behavior males, few studies have looked at fitness consequences variation induced by differences experience males. Using a long term laboratory adapted population Drosophila melanogaster Meigen (Diptera: Drosophilidae), experience, terms co-inhabitant numbers, was found to affect male mating and least one component. However, contrast previous studies, non-linear relationship...

A number of studies have documented the evolution female resistance to mate-harm in response alteration intersexual conflict populations. However, life-history consequence such is still a subject debate. In this study, we subjected replicate populations Drosophila melanogaster different levels sexual (generated by altering operational sex ratio) for over 45 generations. Our results suggest that females from experiencing higher level evolved increased mate-harm, terms both longevity and...

Promiscuity can drive the evolution of sexual conflict before and after mating occurs. Post mating, male ejaculate selfishly manipulate female physiology, leading to a chemical arms race between sexes. Theory suggests that drift sexually antagonistic coevolution cause allopatric populations evolve different interactions sexes, thereby postmating reproductive barriers speciation. There is, however, little empirical evidence supporting this form We tested theory by creating an experimental...