Recent development in DC technologies and renewable energy increase the requirement building large HVDC networks. The world first Zhoushan five-terminal project constructed China has been put into operation. To operation reliability, a circuit breaker will be required. However existing developed recent years still can't deal with severe fault current of high rise rate this project. Considering availability real network, paper proposed new full-bridge based hybrid breaker. significant...

Developing high‐performance catalysts using traditional trial‐and‐error methods is generally time consuming and inefficient. Here, by combining machine learning techniques first‐principle calculations, we are able to discover novel graphene‐supported single‐atom for nitrogen reduction reaction in a rapid way. Successfully, 45 promising with highly efficient catalytic performance screened out from 1626 candidates. Furthermore, based on the optimal feature sets, new descriptors constructed via...

The Mpemba effect is the phenomenon in which system with high initial temperature cools faster than low when all other conditions are same. A theoretical model of through canonical first-order phase transition proposed this paper, shows that cooling processes, path does not pass any metastable state, while passes a leads to occurrence effect. Then an example given Blume-Emery-Griffiths model. Monte Carlo algorithm adopted calculate estimated times for both systems different cool down and...

High di/dt during the close-open operation process of hybrid dc breaker will cause differential mode interference (DMI) in energy supply system breaker's driver units due to their inductive coupling. The generated DMI may lead false action breaker, which is an important issue that should be carefully considered design stage. A method analyze based on time-domain wideband circuit simulations proposed this article. First, a waveform expression voltage source derived, and then equivalent models...

Group VA metal halide-based perovskites have emerged as intensively explored Pb-free perovskites, owing to their excellent environmental stability and low-toxicity. However, the relatively low carrier mobility high photocarrier recombination rates restrict applications in photodetectors. One promising approach achieve higher performance is integrate these with 2D materials form heterostructures. Here, we report on sensitivity photodetectors based MoS2/Cs3Bi2I9and...

The hybrid high voltage DC circuit breaker (HDCB) is widely regarded as the most promising solution to fault current interruption of VSC-based grids. However, because a large number power electronic modules connected in series transfer branch, cost existing HDCBs are pretty high, which limiting their large-scale commercial application. In this paper, novel multi-port commutated by controllable active oscillation (CAOC-MPHDCB) proposed. Based on principle oscillation, proposed CAOC-MPHDCB can...

The modular multilevel converter (MMC) will be subjected to transient impacts, such as switch operation in gas-insulated switchgear and wall bushing flashover, resulting MMC submodules' ports suffering from fast overvoltage (FTO), posing a threat the safe of power devices. This letter proposed an FTO suppression method using gap- <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">RC</i> additional snubber circuit provided for selecting...

We present a miniature passive wireless resonant sensor and its use in novel platform for chemical-memory-based threshold sensing. The sensors are microfabricated with polyimide passivation utilize various customizable polymer layers allowing capacitive transduction. Sensors of ≈2-mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> active volume 8-mm working distance demonstrated, experimental data sensing using multiple polymers...

The high-voltage isolated energy supply transformer (HIET) is the key component of HVDC breaker, which used for transmission and potential isolation. There a lack research results that can meet engineering applications at home abroad. design 500 kV HIET with dry-type insulation proposed, using 10 cascade connected 50 sub-transformers (STs), uses silicon rubber suitable DC voltage as main material. High-voltage (HV) winding ST adopts double-shielding structure coil semi-conductive shielding...

In the series-parallel (S-P) compensated inductive power transfer (IPT) system for electric vehicle charging application, an filter is required after rectifier on secondary side to avoid large current surge when diodes conduct. This article proposes a harmonic modeling method S-P IPT systems with where both fundamental and higher order harmonics are considered. Compared well-known approximation (FHA) method, more accurate description can be obtained by constructing circuit model at different...

Ankle fracture-dislocations are among the most severe injuries, and use of an external fixator as a recommended fixation method has some disadvantages. The aim this study was to compare clinical outcomes complication rates K-wire fixations in treatment ankle fracture dislocations.A total 67 patients with requiring temporary or percutaneous were included. exclusion criteria pilon fractures, open those who required acute reduction internal (ORIF). American Orthopaedic Foot Society (AOFAS)...

Speckle patterns of arbitrary resolution are obtained by applying the sampling theorem to measurements two orthogonal components microwave field transmitted through multiply scattering samples. Core structures phase singularities, critical points, and polarization singularities explored. We find that equiphase lines connect with opposite topological signs except for bifurcation lines, which run a saddle point, in agreement predictions Freund [Phys. Rev. E25, 2348 (1995)]. observe hyperbolic...

Abstract The mass production of the motors causes tolerance shape and dimension, deviation permanent magnet remanence rotor eccentricity error, which affect cogging torque ripple amplitude performance consistency. In order to reduce motor in actual condition, robustness optimization is performed paper. Firstly, an improving convex arc type structure adopted improve air gap flux density suppress torque. Secondly, parameters magnetic pole are selected as variables, magnetization angle,...

Our primary objective in this work is the accurate measurement of complex dielectric constant and conductivity unknown liquids. In paper we present design, fabrication, testing results for an IDC (interdigitated capacitor) electrode sensor use as a fluid monitoring component that can be integrated into microfluidic system. Unlike prior show how to accurately extract both permittivity liquids, loss tangents ranging from much less than one greater (i.e., lossy dielectrics conductors); has not...

A long-range interacting spin chain can exhibit temperature jump at the transition energy under microcanonical description. After two identical subsystems of same size temperatures are weakly coupled, they exchange and total entropy full system increases irreversibly, leading to a violation Zeroth Law Thermodynamics. In addition, Monte Carlo simulations performed verify our conclusion.

This paper is concerned with gas leakage fault detection of a pneumatic pipe system using Kalman filter. In modern plants, the ability to detect and identify faults becoming increasingly important. The main difficulty by sound signals lies in that background noise usually very strong practical plants. this research solve difficulty, tiller used as eliminate noise. Through application systems, it verified proposed method was effective detection.

Abstract Two types of bandpass filters using fractal‐shaped triangular resonators are proposed and optimized in this article. By etched defected structures the patch resonators, have remarkable advantages, such as compact size, high selectivity, simple structure. The effects varying parameters been studied. Measured results filter three agree well with simulated ones. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 581–583, 2007; Published online InterScience...

Due to the continuous rise of buildings, ropless elevator systems have gradually attracted widespread attention. Permanent magnet flux switching linear motor (PMFSLM), which advantages high thrust density, power factor and reliability is suitable for ropeless systems. In this paper, conventional permanent motor(PMFSLM) system are analyzed a novel U-type flux-switching (UPM-FSLM) proposed. Through changing positional arrangement magnets, reduced magnetic leakage improved density UPM-FSLM. By...

Abstract In this study, we develop and present a comprehensive multi-objective optimization model for reactive power planning in industrial park integrated energy systems (IPIES), addressing the challenges posed by extensive inductive loads. Our prioritizes enhancing system resilience through three key objectives: minimizing total costs, improving static voltage stability margins, recovery capabilities. We employ support vector regression (SVR) to estimate metrics effectively, using capacity...

To efficiently approximate the least squares estimator (LSE) in a Big Data linear regression model using subsampling approach, optimal sampling distributions were derived by minimizing trace norm of covariance matrix smooth function LSE. An algorithm was developed that significantly reduces computation time for LSE compared to full-sample Additionally, shown be asymptotically normal almost surely an arbitrary distribution under suitable conditions. Motivated need analysis and data splitting...

Compared with high voltage column-type air-core reactors (HVCAR), toroid-type (HVTAR) generate much smaller external magnetic flux density (EMD) during operation, which significantly reduces clearance (MC), thereby reducing space occupied by reactors. For HVTAR, existing methods such as finite element method (FEM) and numerical integration using the Biot-Savart law, cannot reveal influence of parameters on EMD. This paper proposes an analytic formula for EMD, in view special winding...