The gradual shift towards cleaner and green energy sources requires the application of electric vehicles (EVs) as mainstream transportation platform. vehicle-to-grid (V2G) shows promise in optimizing power demand, shaping load variation, increasing sustainability smart grids. However, no comprehensive paper has been compiled regarding operation V2G types, current ratings types EV sells market, policies relevant to business model, implementation difficulties procedures used cope with...

A dual-band, compact, high-gain, simple geometry, wideband antenna for 5G millimeter-wave applications at 28 and 38 GHz is proposed in this paper. Initially, an operating over dual bands of was designed. Later, a four-port Multiple Input Output (MIMO) developed the same dual-band high data rates, low latency, improved capacity communication devices. To bring down mutual coupling between elements, parasitic element geometry loaded MIMO elements. After insertion element, isolation by 25 dB....

<p>This study clarified an overview of wired and wireless optical communication system block diagram with practical applications. Freespace (FSO) is a trending field that rising so fast to replace electromagnetic waves in communication, we have presented theoretical circuit as example modified it fit work purposes, simulation used then done printed board (PCB) designed. Light emitting diode (LED) been transmitter Photo Transistor receiver variable resistance change voltage sent the LED...

<p>The paper has demonstrated the first order surface grating fiber coupler under period chirp and apodization functions variations effects. The Fiber transmittivity/reflectivity, index change mesh transmission cross-section are clarified against length with quadratic/cubic root Gaussian/uniform functions. delay dispersion simulated wavelength function. As well as output pulse intensity is time peak range also by OptiGrating simulation software.</p>

There is increasing growth in load demands and financial strain to upgrade the present power distribution system. It faces challenges such as losses, voltage deviations, lack of reliability instability. also a sense responsibility wake environmental energy crises adopt distributed renewable resources for generation. These can be resolved by optimally allocating generators (DGs) at different suitable locations radial Optimal allocation non-linear problem which solved powerful metaheuristic...

In this article, we propose the design of a rectangular-shaped patch antenna suitable for ultra-wideband (UWB) applications and short long-range Millimeter-Wave Communications. We begin with high-gain UWB rectangular featuring partial ground plane operating within 3.1-10.6 GHz bandwidth. Complementary Split Ring Resonators (CSRRs) are integrated on both sides structure to meet desired specifications. The resulting boasts an extended frequency bandwidth, covering 2.38-22.5 (twice that...

Early fault detection and diagnosis of grid-connected photovoltaic systems (GCPS) is imperative to improve their performance reliability. Low-cost edge devices have emerged as innovative solutions for real-time monitoring, reducing latency, improving response times. In this work, a lightweight Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) designed fine-tuned using Energy Valley Optimizer (EVO) diagnosis. The CNN input consists two-dimensional scalograms generated Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT)....

The main objective of this work is to propose an approach for improving the performance miniaturized microstrip patch antennas (MPAs) that are loaded with a thin film consisting high relative permittivity material. method uses decrease antenna’s resonance frequency while keeping dimensions. For enhancement film, dimensions designed antenna optimized utilizing genetic algorithms (GAs). was changed from 5.8 GHz 4.0 GHz, and area proposed minimized by around 60%, especially in comparison...

An automotive supply chain includes a range of activities from the concept product to its final transfer customer and subsequent vehicle maintenance. The three distinct stages this are production, sales, In many countries, automobile records not available public anyone who has access central database or government systems can tamper with these records. addition, used maintenance histories remain unavailable inaccessible. These issues be overcome by incorporating state-of-the-art blockchain...

Abstract The increase in wind power‐based microgrids emphasizes the importance of addressing stability challenges during low‐voltage ride‐through (LVRT) events weak AC grid‐connected doubly fed induction generator systems. Compliance with grid standards, notably LVRT capabilities, is critical as power plants integrate increasingly into systems, raising concerns about generation loss and post‐fault oscillations microgrids. Previously, researchers have utilized techniques like fuzzy logic, ant...

This study describes the design and implementation of a small printed ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna for smart electronic systems with on-demand adjustable notching properties. A contiguous sub-band between 3–4.1 GHz, 4.45–6.5 or both bands concurrently, can be mitigated by antenna. Numerous technologies applications, including WiMAX, Wi-Fi, ISMA, WLAN, sub-6 primarily utilize these band segments remitted UWB. The upper notch is implemented inserting an open-ended stub partial ground plane;...

The unconvertible portion of incident radiation on solar panels causes an increase in their temperature and a decrease efficiency due to the negative coefficient maximum power. This problem is dealt with through use cooling systems lower photovoltaic (PV) panels. However, developments are focused loss or extract heat out panel, rather than optimizing solution produce net gain electric power output. Therefore, this study proposes analytical model for cell temperature, irradiance design...

One of the most important functions battery management system (BMS) in electric vehicle (BEV) applications is to estimate state charge (SOC). In this study, several machine and deep learning techniques, such as linear regression, support vector regressors (SVRs), k-nearest neighbor, random forest, extra trees regressor, extreme gradient boosting, forest combined with artificial neural networks (ANNs), convolutional networks, long short-term memory (LSTM) are investigated develop a modeling...

Many studies have been made on the double-fed induction generator wind turbine system (DFIG-WTS) in recent decades due to its power management capability, speed control operation, low converter cost, and minimized energy losses. In contrast, machine is a more complex task because of multivariable nonlinear nature. this work, new robust generalized predictive (RNGPC) developed maximize extracted from without use aerodynamic torque measurements or an observer. The aim produce anticipated...

This paper examines the design and analysis of DC-DC converters for high-power low-voltage applications such as renewable energy sources (RESs) comparisons between based on switch stresses efficiency. The RESs including photovoltaic arrays fuel cell stacks must have enhanced output voltages, 380 V DC in case a full bridge inverter or 760 half inverter, order to interface with 220 AC grid-connected power system. One primary difficulties developing systems is enhancing converters' efficiency...

High conversion gain is often required for the grid integration of renewable energy resources such as PV, fuel cells, and wind. It desired that stress across switches lower when higher voltage attained. Similarly, it also preferred converter can achieve high without operating at duty cycle values. This article presents a novel high-gain CUK (HGCC) uses voltage-multiplier units. The HGCC combination modified units (VMUs). utilizes boost an input to converter, resulting in increase value....

Micro-Doppler signatures obtained from the Doppler radar are generally used for human activity classification. However, if angle between direction of motion and antenna broadside is greater than 60°, micro-Doppler generated by radial body reduce significantly, thereby degrading performance classification algorithm. For accurate different activities irrespective trajectory, we propose a new algorithm based on dual micro-motion signatures, namely, interferometric using an radar. First, parts...

Electric vehicles (EV) are promising alternate fuel technologies to curtail vehicular emissions. A modeling framework in a hybrid electric vehicle system with joint analysis of EV powering and regenerative braking mode is introduced. Bidirectional DC–DC converters (BDC) important for widespread voltage matching effective recovery feedback energy. BDC connects the first source (FVS) second (SVS), DC-bus at various levels implemented. The main objectives this work coordinated control DC energy...

In this paper, a combined approach of Principal Component Analysis (PCA)-based Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) for boiler output forecasting in thermal power plant is presented. The input used prediction model taken from the unit Yermarus Thermal Power Station (YTPS), India. Calculation accurate electrical an operating system requires knowledge hundreds parameters. dimensionality dataset reduced by applying principal component analysis using IBM@SPSS Software. process analysis, 232 parameters...