Abstract The efficacy of dual-polarization radar for quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE) has been demonstrated in a number previous studies. Specifically, rainfall retrievals using combinations reflectivity (Zh), differential (Zdr), and specific phase (Kdp) have advantages over traditional Z–R methods because more information about the drop size distribution (DSD) hydrometeor type are available. In addition, dual-polarization-based rain-rate estimators can better account presence ice...

Abstract A new 10-category, polarimetric-based hydrometeor identification algorithm (HID) for C band is developed from theoretical scattering simulations including wet snow, hail, and big drops/melting hail. The HID applied to data seven seasons in Darwin, Australia, using the polarimetric C-band (C-POL) radar, investigate microphysical differences between monsoon break periods. Scattering reveal significant Mie effects with large hail (diameter > 1.5 cm), reduced reflectivity enhanced...

Abstract In this article a potential role of snowflake growth by aggregation on formation dual‐polarization radar signatures in winter storms is discussed. We advocate that the observed bands increased values specific differential phase ( K dp ) can be linked to onset aggregation. These are caused high number concentrations oblate relatively dense ice particles and take place regions where an “seeder‐feeder” active. On other hand, reflectivity Z dr bands, absence detectable values, areas...

A hydrometeor classification system based on a fuzzy logic technique using dual-polarization radar measurements of precipitation is presented. In this study, five (namely horizontal reflectivity, differential specific phase, correlation coefficient, and linear depolarization ratio) altitude relating to environmental melting layer are used as input variables the system. The chooses one nine different categories output. presented in paper further development an existing model developed at...

Planetary boundary layer (PBL) height plays a significant role in climate modeling, weather forecasting, air quality prediction, and pollution transport processes. This study examined the climatology of PBL-associated meteorological parameters over Korean peninsula surrounding sea using data from ERA5 dataset produced by European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). The covered period 2008 to 2017. bulk Richardson number methodology was used determine PBL (PBLH). PBLH obtained...

Modern maritime operations rely on diverse network components, increasing cybersecurity risks. While security solutions like Suricata generate extensive alert logs, ships often operate without dedicated personnel, requiring general crew members to review and respond alerts. This challenge is exacerbated when vessels are at sea, delaying threat mitigation due limited external support. We propose an Adaptive Threat Intelligence Response Recommendation System (ATIRS), a small language model...

Air pollution is a serious challenge in South Korea and worldwide, negatively impacts human health mortality rates. To assess air quality the spatiotemporal characteristics of atmospheric particulate matter (PM), PM concentrations were compared with meteorological conditions other airborne pollutants over from 2015 to 2020, using different linear non-linear models such as regression, generalized additive, multivariable regression models. The results showed that played significant role...

Abstract The present study explores the impact of anthropogenic forcings (ANT) on surface air temperatures (SATs) across East Asia (EA) over a long period (1850–2014) using new Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) datasets. Based CMIP6 multi-model ensemble simulations, historical simulations (twentieth century) and future (twenty-first SAT projections were investigated. Our calculations show that during 1850–2014, combination ANT natural (NAT) (‘ALL = + NAT’) increased EA’s...

Abstract A system for reflectivity and attenuation retrieval rain medium in a networked radar environment is described. Electromagnetic waves backscattered from common volume systems are attenuated differently along the different paths. solution specific distribution proposed by solving integral equation attenuation. The set of governing equations describing backscatter propagation resolution solved simultaneously with constraints on total path algorithm evaluated based simulated X-band...

Abstract This paper presents new methods for rainfall estimation from X-band dual-polarization radar observations along with advanced techniques quality control, hydrometeor classification, and of specific differential phase. Data collected the Hydrometeorology Testbed (HMT) in orographic terrain California are used to demonstrate methodology. The control classification specifically developed applications, which use a “fuzzy logic” technique constructed magnitude copolar correlation...

Abstract To design X-band radar systems as well evaluate algorithm development, it is useful to have simultaneous observation with and without the impact of path attenuation. One way develop that dataset through theoretical models. This paper presents a methodology generate realistic range profiles variables at attenuating frequencies, such X band, for rain medium. Fundamental microphysical properties precipitation, namely, size shape distribution information, are used band starting S-band...

Quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE) for flash flood forecasting is one of the most commonly used applications modern meteorological radars. The low-power low-cost small X-band dual-polarization radar system gaining more interest urban weather monitoring. This case study presents installation and application first routinely operating deployed by Korea Institute Civil Engineering Building Technology (KICT) in South Korea. An overview this KICT radar's observations attenuation...

This study aims to address hydrological processes and impacts of an atmospheric river (AR) event that occurred during 15–18 February 2004 in the Russian River basin California. The National Water Model (NWM), a fully distributed hydrologic model, was used evaluate including soil moisture flux, overland flow, streamflow. Observed streamflow volumetric water content data were performance NWM using various error metrics. simulation results showed this AR (15–18 2004) with long duration...

Abstract The characteristics of microphysical processes a severe winter storm that occurred on the Korean Peninsula 12 December 2013 was studied in this work for first time via X-band dual-polarization weather radar observations. A new range–height indicator (RHI) scan-based quasi-vertical profile methodology, which polarimetric variables were averaged at each height RHI scan, introduced to investigate snow microphysics, and obtained signatures served as fingerprints dendritic growth,...

A new stable backward iterative technique to correct for path attenuation and differential is presented here. The named, neural network polarimetric precipitation estimator by radar (NIPPER), based on a model used train an embedded network, constrained the measurement of phase along rain path. Simulations are investigate efficiency, accuracy, robustness proposed technique. characterized with respect raindrop size, shape, orientation distribution. performance NIPPER evaluated using simulated...

Abstract The importance of the effective distribution runoff in sewer network throughout a detention facility has recently been recognized. This study aims to determine location and capacity facilities urban network. optimal can be determined by numerous iterations an optimization model. In this paper, interfacing Visual Basic (VB) programming tool with SWMM (Storm Water Management Model) DLL for hydraulic hydrological computation completes routine. A multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA)...

With the rapid interest in Geographic Information System (GIS) contents, a large volume of valuable GIS dataset has been distributed illegally by pirates, hackers, or unauthorized users. Therefore problem focus on how to protect copyright vector map data for storage and transmission. But is very current encryption techniques often encrypt all components data. That means we have encrypted amount lead long encrypting time high complexity computation. This paper presents selective scheme using...

ABSTRACT In this study the quality of radar rainfall with respect to temporal and spatial resolution was examined. Gwangdeoksan Radar Korea Institute Civil Engineering Building Technology ( KICT ) were used for purpose, along automatic weather systems data within Seoul. addition, several quantitative measures applied examine resolution. A negative bias more than 40% in occurred changes However, R adar less 10%. The mean square error ranged from 5.5 0.4 mm 2 h −2 30.2 1.5 . correlation...

Abstract Monitoring of precipitation using higher-frequency radar systems such as X band is becoming popular. At X-band frequency, weather signals are attenuated along their paths due to precipitation. A network-based reflectivity retrieval technique has been developed for the Collaborative Adaptive Sensing Atmosphere (CASA) system, which a network that can observe event simultaneously by multiple radars. This paper describes design and implementation an architectural framework real-time...

Abstract This paper presents the efficacy of a “tuned” fuzzy logic method at determining height boundary layer using measurements from 1280 MHz lower atmospheric radar wind profiler located in Gadanki (13.5°N, 79°E, 375 mean sea level), India, and discusses diurnal seasonal variations measured convective over this tropical station. The original (FL) estimates combining information range‐corrected signal‐to‐noise ratio, Doppler spectral width vertical velocity, velocity itself, by radar,...

The melting layer (ML) is an important region used to describe the transition of hydrometeors from solid liquid phase. It a typical feature characterize vertical structure stratiform precipitation. present study implements new automatic melting-layer detection algorithm based on range-height-indicator–quasi-vertical profile (R-QVP) in X-band dual-polarization radars. uses gradients polarimetric radar variables reflectivity factor at horizontal polarization (Zh), differential (Zdr), and...