In the past decades, researchers/scientists have paid attention to physical layer of underwater communications (UWCs) due a variety scientific, military, and civil tasks completed beneath water. This includes numerous activities critical for communication, such as survey monitoring oceans, rescue, response disasters under sea. Till end last decade, many review articles addressing history UWC been published which were mostly focused on sensor networks (UWSN), routing protocols, optical...

Blockchain technology (BT) has a wide range of built-in features, such as decentralization, transparency, data provenance, security, immutability, and moved beyond the hype to practical applications in healthcare industry. Telehealth turns out be most efficient effective way dispensing services even remote areas. Though telehealth proven potential improve quality healthcare, its implementation adoption remain far from ideal. There is need for system that not only ensures privacy security...

Traditional energy supply infrastructures are on the brink of facing a major transformation due to security concerns, environment pollution, renewable intermittency and fossil fuel scarcity. A hybrid system constitutes integration different carriers like electricity, heat which play vital role in addressing above challenges. Various technological options combined power, pumps, electrolysers storages ease out multiple carrier an hub increase flexibility efficiency. This work models China for...

The LEACH and SEP routing protocols centered on wireless sensor networks are highlighted in this paper. number of nodes WSN is ample a single node astonishingly limited resource. principal objective the protocol design to advance energy efficiency prolong network lifetime. This paper has selected as our research focus analyze specific implementation algorithm, MATLAB simulation tool employed simulate data analysis.

Quadrature spatial modulation (QSM) is one of the most prevalent transmission techniques for future wireless mobile network due to its high spectral efficiency (SE) and low complexity. However, it restrictive downlink cellular deployments. Therefore, this paper proposes QSM multiuser uplink data that increases SE by deploying multiple antennas at user with only two radio frequency (RF) chains. Maximum likelihood (ML) decoder used detect received signal attains optimal detection performance...

This correspondence proposes a jointly-designed quasi-cyclic (QC) low-density parity-check (LDPC)-coded multi-relay cooperation with destination node realized by multiple receive antennas. First, deterministic approach is utilized to construct different classes of binary QC-LDPC codes no length-4 cycles. Existing methods put some limitations in terms code length and rate order provide high error-correction performance. Therefore, this article gives three based on combinatoric design...

Poor illumination, less background contrast and blurring effects makes the medical, satellite camera images difficult to visualize. Image fusion plays vital role enhance image quality by resolving above issues reducing quantity. The combination of spatial spectral technique Discrete Wavelet Transform Principal Component Analysis (DWT-PCA) decrease processing time reduce number dimensions but down sampling causes lack shift invariance that results in poor final fused image. At first this work...

The Ordered Successive Interference Cancellation (OSIC) algorithm has the advantage of high capabilities. Moreover, as compared to Maximum Likelihood Detection it poor performance but its error rate is expected. OSIC complexity based on matrix inversion. In this paper, an improved proposed, that uses a parallel detection and accurate value combining programs while maintaining with slight reduced computational complexity. Considering propagation traditional algorithm, modified ML are merged,...

By using large-scale antenna arrays, considerable enhancement in energy and spectral efficiency is accomplished. What will be the optimum number of antennas, active users transmit power? In single cell consequence Zero Forcing (ZF) processing used to know how constraints interact. A conjoint belief transmitter power enlarged with large antennas that means EE-systems can operate high Signal noise ratio systems where interference-suppressing signal mandatory. Systematic arithmetical results...

The low rank approximation for MR image denoising has been recently attracting considerable attentions due to its favorable performance. In spite of the great success existing methods, these tend lose subtle edge texture when removing noise. It could degrade visual quality and affect final clinical diagnosis. this paper, a novel approach is proposed based on model Laplacian‐of‐Gaussian detector. approach, similarity evaluation scheme noisy patch employed avoid effect noise in matching,...

Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) is the most prominent technology that enhances massive connectivity and spectral efficiency in 5G cellular communication. It provides services to multi-users time, frequency, code domain with significant power level. Message Passing Algorithm (MPA) detection a multi-user uplink grant-free system requires user activity information at receiver makes it impractical. To circumvent this problem, combined Compressed Sensing (CS) based which not only detects...

In wireless communication, Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) is the most propitious technology that enhances system capacity and data rate by using multiple antennas at receiver transmitter.Efficient signal detection complex task in MIMO systems.The computational complexity of equalization based linear algorithms such as Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) Zero Forcing (ZF) less than algorithmic schemes.The simulated results presented this paper are various configurations from 2x2 to...

In recent studies internet of things (IOT) and wireless sensor networks (WSN) have been researched extensively. As the sensors are deployed in harsh environments with limited resources which pones it to problems related link quality, packet drop, energy, failure, coverage delay. The mobility nodes makes this network mobile more sophisticated. case IOT or WSN direction, velocity, speed, distance trajectory crucial parameters. This paper focuses on drop delay problem while node is moving fast....

In this paper, in the LEACH (Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy) protocol two improvements have been made, firstly cluster head selection:-By using residual energy of node and distance between base station, random number generated by is adjusted.The nodes with more from station are adjusted to a smaller value, which makes it likely be head.However, method does not consider effect heads on algorithm.Secondly, optimal proposed:-Which can ensure balance network load controlling...

Ionic Polymer Composite Material (IPMC) is a new type of smart material which has the capability activation under application small voltage. It flexible; light weighed, produces high force and can be activated in any two opposite directions. These benefits have inspired scientists researchers to explore its availability for real-world applications various fields. In this paper, IPMC been considered provision required movement grasshopper knee joint upward or stretching by knee. other words,...

Because of daily life natural or unnatural accidents, the Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network (VANET) is one affecting areas for enhancement Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) facilitating road safety, traffic management and entertainment services drivers passengers. networks can help avoid accidents by warning forthcoming risks prompting embedded systems to respond autonomously. Multi-hop wireless connectivity frequently changing network topology in VANET are factors plan effective efficient...

In this paper, we present a simple design of feed network for the antenna to achieve lower side lobe level. Side Lobe Levels (SLL) are critical issues in detection an object. Higher levels can increase false objects autonomous vehicle system. The array is designed and simulated four different frequencies, one at time make it scalable design. chosen frequencies 10 GHz, 15 20 24 GHz. consists eight patch elements with equal power divider CST studio software used simulations. From simulation...