A pulsating waterjet is a technological modification of conventional that utilizes ultrasonic vibrations to generate modulated jet, resulting in repetitive fatigue loading the material. The erosion efficiency majorly determined by hydraulic factors and its interaction with standoff distance. However, dependency wear rates on different formulation an implicit prediction model for determining effective distance still not present date. Therefore, this study, combined supply pressure (20-40...

This paper summarizes the results of investigations into heterogeneous P23/P91 welds after long-term creep exposure at temperatures 500, 550 and 600 °C. Two variants were studied: In Weld A, filler material corresponded to P91 steel, while in B, chemical composition consumable matched P23 steel. The rupture strength values A exceeded those B all testing temperatures. Most failures cross-weld samples occurred partially decarburized zones or WM23 on minor phases good agreement with kinetic...

Abstract Three types of commercial austenitic stainless steels, 1.4307 (AISI 304 L), 1.4404 316 L) 1.4845 310 S) with different chemical compositions, are subjected to severe plastic deformation at room temperature by a unique Dual Rolling Equal Channel Extrusion (DRECE) method. Its impact is evaluated from the viewpoint microstructure analyses, X-ray diffraction, and macroscopic magnetic properties completed microscopic Mössbauer characteristics. The study also includes solution annealing...

Although the abrasive waterjet (AWJ) has been widely used for steel cutting decades and there are hundreds of research papers or even books dealing with this technology, relatively little is known about relation between microstructure AWJ efficiency. The can be significantly affected by heat treatment. Three different grades, carbon C45, micro-alloyed 37MnSi5 low-alloy 30CrV9, were subjected to four types treatment: normalization annealing, soft quenching followed tempering. Then, they cut...

More efficient ways to process materials are constantly being sought, even in the case of continuous water flow technology, which acts on mainly by stagnant pressure. An alternative method is an ultrasound-stimulated pulsating jet, basis repeated use impact pressure, reduces time interval for mechanical relaxation. This article focuses a comparative study from point view mass rate material penetration and its integrity. Relatively low pressures (p = 20, 30, 40 MPa) with varying nozzle...

Abstract The work is focused on evaluation of resistance the welded joint made supermartensitic 13Cr6Ni2.5Mo stainless steel to sulfide stress cracking. Testing method A and solution B in accordance with NACE TM 0177 were used. All testing samples ruptured a very short time interval but fractured primarily weld metal or heat affected zone not basic material. Material analysis use ZEISS NEOPHOT 32 light microscope JEOL 6490LV scanning electron microscope.

The use of low-carbon unalloyed steel with minimal silicon content is widespread in structural and automotive applications due to its ease manipulation. mechanical properties this can be significantly enhanced through severe plastic deformation (SPD) techniques. Our study focuses on the practical benefits dual rolling equal channel extrusion (DRECE) method, which strengthens has implications for material hardness thickness subsequently applied hot-dip zinc galvanizing. Furthermore, steel’s...

The aim of this paper is to consider the possibility using Glow Discharge Optical Emission Spectroscopy (GDOES) for determination carburized layer thickness. Carburized increases hardness basic material (low carbon steels with content 0.2%), thereby it its wear and abrasion resistance decreases forming oxidation too. thickness usually determined by measuring according ČSN EN ISO 2639 standard. results standardized method are compared obtained two methods GDOES pictures optical microscopy. It...

Significant structural steels for nuclear power engineering are chromium-nickel austenitic stainless steels. The presented paper evaluates the kinetics of fatigue crack growth AISI 304L and 316L in air corrosive environments 3.5% aqueous NaCl solution after application annealing, stabilizing sensitization annealing. Comparisons were made between rate each heat treatment regime, a comparison both types was made. For individual regimes, possibility development intergranular corrosion also...

The presented paper is devoted to the study of hydrogen diffusion characteristics in C-Mn-Si TRIP 800 steel. steel was tested three different states: as-received state after hot and cold rolling subsequent heat treatment; furthermore 5% 10% tensile deformation. Hydrogen were studied by means electrochemical permeation method. Two build up transients corresponding lower higher charging current densities as well a decay transient recorded during experiment. lowest values coefficient (from...

In this paper, selected key thermophysical and thermodynamical properties of steels (three alloys based on Fe–C–Cr) such as solidus (TS) liquidus (TL) temperatures, peritectic transformation temperatures (TP), heats fusion (ΔHF), specific heat capacities(cP), surface tension (σ), wettability expressed by the wetting angle (θ) liquid steel alumina substrate were experimentally determined in a high-temperature area up to temperature 1600 °C. The effect chemical composition these was...

In austenitic steels, the tetragonal Z-phase (NbCrN) has frequently been credited with beneficial strengthening effects during dislocation creep. modified Z-phase, niobium is partially substituted by vanadium. The basic objective of this contribution a detailed characterization in vanadium bearing AISI 316LN+Nb+V and HR3C steels. Experimental activities were focused on crystallography, thermodynamic dimensional stability, kinetics precipitation (TTP diagram) solvus temperature steels...

Abstract Structures of carburized layers after the surface saturation process in gaseous, liquid or solid medium and subsequent heat treatment (hardening low-temperature tempering) consist mainly high carbon plate martensite with a certain portion retained austenite. The presence austenite (RA) is mostly considered as undesirable because it decreases hardness hardened layer furthermore, spontaneous conversion to ferritic-carbide mixture bainitic type, accompanied by change properties,...

In this paper, temperature and concentration dependencies on density surface tension of liquid Fe-C-O-Cr alloys (1.93 - 4.80 wt.% Cr) were investigated in high-temperature resistance observation furnace by a sessile drop method during heating from liquidus to 1600?C. The interfacial characteristics (interfacial tension, wetting angle, work adhesion, spreading coefficient) alloy/alumina system also determined depending temperature. effect chromium content properties was proven case all...

This work aims to assess the effect of an oxygen content graded in minimal quantities, on order hundreds ppms, determination surface tension low-alloy FeCOCr and FeCONi steels contact with a corundum substrate. Oxygen, as surface-active element, was segregated at where it interacted major components alloys, leading reduction tension. The sessile drop method used for wetting tests temperature range from steel liquidus temperatures 1600 °C under nonoxidizing conditions. angles verified by...

Hydrogen embrittlement involves the interaction between hydrogen and microstructure of metals, which can lead to an alarming loss mechanical properties. For advanced high-strength (AHS) steel S960MC grade, finds application in fields ranging from heavy machinery construction, understanding this phenomenon is important. The material's complex crystalline lattice, carefully engineered maximize strength, becomes vulnerable presence hydrogen. sources that are various. From exposure during...

Advanced high-strength steels (AHSS) are currently facing a serious challenge from hydrogen embrittlement, which significantly affects their mechanical properties. Problems arise when diffuses into the material and accumulates at grain boundaries, inclusions, or microcracks, degrading material's characteristics. The main objective of study is to investigate effects adding potassium thiocyanate (KSCN) sulfuric acid base solution during electrolytic hydrogenation using microalloyed martensitic...

The paper deals with results of long-term stress rupture tests on "cross-weld" specimens made Super 304 H – P92 heterogeneous welds. Stress were carried out at temperatures 625°C and 650°C up to 20,000 hours rupture. Creep strength WSF values welds for 10,000 both calculated. preferential location failure was the intercritical part heat affected zone in steel. Hardness base materials did not show significant changes during creep exposure 650°C. However, gradual hardening weld metal occurred....

The paper describes effect of hydrogen on mechanical properties and fracture characteristics two types C-Mn-Si TRIP steel; laboratory prepared steel 800 commercially manufactured 780. steels are very promising materials thanks to their combination a good strength toughness. However, these can be embrittled by during technological operations related galvanizing. That is why the knowledge effects particular importance. In presented study, were studied tensile tests after electrolytical...