A5091320270- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
- Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia detection and treatment
- HIV-related health complications and treatments
- HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk
- HIV Research and Treatment
- HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
- Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health
- Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
- Mycobacterium research and diagnosis
- HIV/AIDS Impact and Responses
- Sex work and related issues
- Global Maternal and Child Health
- Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
- Infectious Diseases and Tuberculosis
- Medication Adherence and Compliance
- Health Policy Implementation Science
- HIV/AIDS oral health manifestations
- COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life
- Hepatitis B Virus Studies
- COVID-19 and healthcare impacts
- Diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis
- Interprofessional Education and Collaboration
Makerere University
2016-2025
Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration
2017-2025
Johns Hopkins University
2024-2025
Mulago Hospital
2007-2024
Kampala University
2024
Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine
2024
MUJHU Research Collaboration
2019-2024
Butabika Hospital
2023
Child Development Center
2023
Ministry of Health
2023
Tongue dorsum swabs have shown promise as alternatives to sputum for detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) in patients with pulmonary (TB). Some of the most encouraging results come from studies that used manual quantitative PCR (qPCR) analyze swabs. Studies using automated Cepheid Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra qPCR test (Xpert Ultra) exhibited less sensitivity tongue swabs, possibly because is optimized testing sputum, not swab samples. Using two new sample preprocessing methods demonstrated...
Sputum-based testing is a barrier to increasing access molecular diagnostics for tuberculosis (TB). Many people with TB are unable produce sputum, and sputum processing increases assay complexity cost. Tongue swabs emerging as an alternative but performance limits uncertain.
<title>Abstract</title> <bold>Objective</bold> To explore the diversity of non-oncogenic papillomaviruses in saliva samples from people living with HIV using nanopore amplicon-based sequencing for detection and typing.<bold>Methods</bold> This was a secondary analysis data amplicons obtained polymerase chain reaction 127 HIV. The cleaned analyzed series bash, Python R scripts to produce output based on comparisons PAVE reference database all known papillomaviruses.<bold>Results</bold> A...
People with chronic illnesses such as Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), hypertension, and Diabetes Mellitus (DM) are a priority for Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) vaccination due to elevated risk of severe disease. We explored the perspectives experiences COVID-19 among these populations in Southwestern Southcentral Uganda. Between January April 2023, we conducted in-depth interviews adult (≥18 years) persons living HIV (PLWH), hypertension and/or DM (n = 30) key informant healthcare...
Cross-resistance after first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) failure is expected to impair activity of nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) in second-line for patients with HIV, but evidence the effect cross-resistance on virological outcomes limited. We aimed assess association between activity, predicted by resistance testing, NRTIs used and treatment infected HIV.We did an observational analysis additional data from a published open-label, randomised trial ART (EARNEST)...
Background The increased immune activation and inflammation of chronic HIV-infection the characteristic dyslipidemias associated with HIV infection antiretroviral therapy (ART) contribute to an risk atherosclerotic vascular disease among HIV-infected adults. There is emerging need understand determinants cardiovascular (CVD) individuals aging in sub-Saharan Africa. We determined prevalence subclinical atherosclerosis [carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) ≥0.78 mm] its correlation...
Oral swab analysis (OSA) has been shown to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) DNA in patients with pulmonary (TB). In previous analyses, qPCR testing of samples collected from tongue dorsa was up 93% sensitive relative sputum GeneXpert, when 2 swabs per patient were tested. The present study modified sample collection methods increase biomass and characterized the viability bacilli swabs. A targeting conserved bacterial ribosomal rRNA gene (rDNA) sequences used quantify samples. There...
Emerging evidence suggests a possible association between hyperglycemia and dolutegravir (DTG), preferred first-line antiretroviral agent in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). There is need for rigorous studies to validate this the face of increasing DTG use burden non-communicable diseases among people living with HIV (PLHIV). We conducted case–control study assess risk associated PLHIV attending Mulago ISS Clinic Kampala. Cases had while controls no as confirmed by fasting plasma glucose oral...
Abstract Background Hospital admission outcomes for people living with HIV (PLHIV) in resource-limited settings are understudied. We describe in-hospital mortality and associated clinical-demographic factors among PLHIV admitted at a tertiary-level public hospital Uganda. Methods performed cross-sectional analysis of routinely collected data Kiruddu National Referral between March 2020 2023. estimated the proportion who had died during hospitalization logistic regression modelling to...
Background Expanding access to shorter regimens for tuberculosis (TB) prevention, such as once-weekly isoniazid and rifapentine taken 3 months (3HP), is critical reducing global TB burden among people living with HIV (PLHIV). Our coprimary hypotheses were that high levels of acceptance completion 3HP could be achieved delivery strategies optimized overcome well-contextualized barriers would highest when PLHIV provided an informed choice between strategies. Methods findings In a pragmatic,...
Tuberculosis, a major cause of death in people living with HIV, remains challenging to diagnose. Diagnostic accuracy data are scarce for promising triage and confirmatory tests such as C-reactive protein (CRP), sputum urine Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra (Xpert Ultra), Determine TB LAM Ag (a lateral flow lipoarabinomannan [LF-LAM] test), without symptom selection. We evaluated novel ambulatory HIV initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART).
Loss to follow-up (LTFU) from care among people living with HIV (PLHIV) is thought be more common in the public setting compared private health care. It anticipated that problem may become worse current "test and treat" policy Uganda due likely increases patient loads its attendant pressure on providers support counseling. This study determined incidence factors associated LTFU adult PLHIV facilities Wakiso district, Uganda. was a retrospective cohort involved review of 646 records patients...
With an ageing HIV-positive population, sub-Saharan Africa is now facing a dual epidemic of communicable and non-communicable diseases (NCDs). This study aimed to assess trends in the prevalence hypertension factors associated with hypertension, among adults attending ambulatory HIV clinic Kampala, Uganda.We conducted retrospective chart review identify patients hypertension. We used random number generator select 400 patient charts from each year 2009 2014. Blood pressure, age, body mass...
Persons living with HIV (PLHIV) receiving antiretroviral therapy have increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Integration services for hypertension (HTN), the primary CVD factor, into clinics is recommended in Uganda. Our prior work demonstrated multiple gaps implementation integrated HTN care along treatment cascade. In this study, we sought to explore barriers and facilitators integrating screening Eastern Uganda.We conducted a qualitative study at three low, intermediate, high...
Millions of HIV-infected people worldwide receive antiretroviral therapy (ART) in programmes using WHO-recommended standardised regimens. Recent WHO guidelines recommend a boosted protease inhibitor plus raltegravir as an alternative second-line combination. We assessed whether this treatment option offers any advantage over the standard two nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) combination after 144 weeks follow-up typical programme settings.
The recommended tuberculosis (TB) intensified case finding (ICF) algorithm for people living with HIV (symptom-based screening followed by Xpert MTB/RIF [Xpert] testing) is insufficiently sensitive and results in unnecessary testing.To evaluate whether novel ICF algorithms combining C-reactive protein (CRP)-based urine Determine TB-LAM (TB-LAM), sputum Xpert, and/or culture could improve yield efficiency.We compared the efficiency of inclusive point-of-care CRP-based TB confirmatory testing...
Research Letter Introduction: Measures to limit the spread of COVID-19, such as movement restrictions, are anticipated worsen outcomes for chronic conditions hypertension (HTN), in part due decreased access medicines. However, actual impact lockdowns on medicines and HTN control has not been reported. Between March 25 June 30, 2020, Government Uganda instituted a nationwide lockdown. Health facilities remained open, however motor vehicle transportation was largely banned. In Ugandan public...
Suppressive antiretroviral treatment (ART) has resulted into prolonged survival of people with HIV (PWH) in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) resultant increase the incidence non-communicable diseases (NCD), such as diabetes mellitus (DM). However, there is a lack data on effect DM HIV-related outcomes among PWH this setting. The study aimed to compare clinical (viral load suppression, retention care, hospitalization, tuberculosis, and mortality) between those without at two large clinics Kampala,...
<title>Abstract</title> <bold>Background:</bold>Oral health among people living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) in Uganda is under-researched, despite its critical impact on their overall and quality of life. This gap partly attributed to limited capacity human resources research infrastructure. study aimed evaluate the HIV/oral training needs dentists Uganda. <bold>Methods:</bold> We conducted a cross-sectional 86 licensed practice A self-administered online questionnaire, adapted...
Abstract Background Systematic tuberculosis (TB) screening is recommended for all people with HIV (PWH) because of its potential to improve TB outcomes through earlier diagnosis and treatment initiation. As such, systematic may be particularly important men, who experience excess prevalence mortality compared women. We assessed sex differences among PWH undergoing screening, including severity, diagnostic accuracy tools, outcomes. Methods enrolled followed adults (CD4 ≤ 350 cells/µL)...