A5086253827- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- HIV Research and Treatment
- Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health
- Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
- Global Maternal and Child Health
- HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk
- Genital Health and Disease
- Reproductive tract infections research
- Child Nutrition and Water Access
- Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting Issues
- Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia detection and treatment
- HIV/AIDS Impact and Responses
- Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
- Sex work and related issues
- HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
- Urologic and reproductive health conditions
- Mobile Health and mHealth Applications
- Mosquito-borne diseases and control
- Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
- Parasites and Host Interactions
- HIV-related health complications and treatments
- Syphilis Diagnosis and Treatment
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Malaria Research and Control
- COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
Makerere University
2016-2025
Uganda Virus Research Institute
2011-2024
Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa
2024
Aurum Institute
2024
University of Cape Town
2024
Africa Health Research Institute
2024
Perinatal HIV Research Unit
2024
South African Medical Research Council
2024
Johns Hopkins University
1995-2023
Massachusetts General Hospital
2023
We estimated rates of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 transmission per coital act in HIV-discordant couples by stage infection the index partner.We retrospectively identified 235 monogamous, a Ugandan population-based cohort. HIV within pairs was confirmed sequence analysis. Rates were partner's (recent seroconversion or prevalent late-stage infection). The adjusted rate ratio multivariate Poisson regression.The average 0.0082/coital (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.0039-0.0150)...
The study tested the hypothesis that community-level control of sexually transmitted disease (STD) would result in lower incidence HIV-1 infection comparison with communities.This randomised, controlled, single-masked, community-based trial intensive STD control, via home-based mass antibiotic treatment, took place Rakai District, Uganda. Ten community clusters were randomly assigned to intervention or groups. All consenting residents aged 15-59 years enrolled; visited home every 10 months;...
Background. Defining the parameters that modulate vaccine responses in African populations will be imperative to design effective vaccines for protection against HIV, malaria, tuberculosis, and dengue virus infections. This study aimed evaluate contribution of patient-specific immune microenvironment response licensed yellow fever 17D (YF-17D) an cohort.
BackgroundThere are gaps in uptake of, adherence to, and persistence the use of preexposure prophylaxis for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention among cisgender women.MethodsWe conducted a phase 3, double-blind, randomized, controlled trial involving adolescent girls young women South Africa Uganda. Participants were assigned 2:2:1 ratio to receive subcutaneous lenacapavir every 26 weeks, daily oral emtricitabine–tenofovir alafenamide (F/TAF), or disoproxil fumarate (F/TDF; active...
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) subtypes differ in biological characteristics that may affect pathogenicity.We determined the HIV-1 subtype-specific rates of disease progression among 350 seroconverters. Subtype, viral load, and CD4(+) cell count were determined. Cox proportional hazards regression modeling was used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) acquired syndrome (AIDS) (defined as a < or =250 cells/mm(3)) AIDS-associated death.A total 59.1% study subjects had subtype...
Background Male circumcision is associated with reduced HIV acquisition. Methods acquisition was determined in a cohort of 5507 HIV-negative Ugandan men, and 187 men discordant relationships. Transmission 223 HIV-positive partners. incidence per 100 person years (py) adjusted rate ratios (RR) 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated by Poisson regression. HIV-1 serum viral load for the seropositive partners HIV-discordant couples. Results The prevalence 16.5% all men; 99.1% Muslims 3.7%...
Objective: To describe the design and first-round survey results of a trial intensive sexually transmitted disease (STD) control to reduce HIV-1 incidence. Study design: Randomized, controlled, community-based in Rakai District, Uganda. Methods: In this ongoing study, 56 communities were grouped into 10 clusters designed encompass social/sexual networks; within blocks randomly assigned intervention or arm. Every months, all consenting resident adults aged 15–59 years are visited home for...
Uncircumcised human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-negative men aged 15-49 years were randomized to immediate circumcision (intervention arm, 441 subjects) or delayed (control 399 subjects). Human papillomavirus (HPV) was detected by Roche HPV Linear Array at enrollment, and 6, 12, 24 months. Incident high-risk (HR-HPV) estimated in who acquired a new HR-HPV genotype. clearance determined with prior genotype-specific infections. Rate ratios (RRs) 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of acquisition...
Reports from the United States have demonstrated that elevated markers of microbial translocation gut may be found in chronic and advanced HIV-1 infection are associated with an increase immune activation. However, this phenomenon's role disease Africa is unknown. This study examined longitudinal relationship between circulating inflammatory cytokine responses a cohort people varying rates progression Rakai, Uganda. Multiple for (lipopolysaccharide, endotoxin antibody, sCD14) did not change...
Asymptomatic parasitemia is common among schoolchildren living in areas of high malaria transmission, yet little known about its effect on cognitive function these settings. To investigate associations between asymptomatic parasitemia, anemia, and cognition primary a transmission setting, we studied 740 children enrolled clinical trial Tororo, Uganda. Parasitemia, measured by thick blood smears, was present 30% the children. Infected had lower test scores for abstract reasoning (adjusted...
Hypertension is an emerging public health problem in Sub Saharan Africa (SSA) and urbanization considered to favor its emergence. Given a paucity of information on hypertension associated risk factors among urban slum dwellers SSA, we aimed characterize the distribution for investigate their association with Kenya. We conducted community based cross-sectional survey adults 35 years older living Kibera Nairobi, Trained interviewers collected data socio demographic characteristics self...
High HIV-1 incidence rates were reported among persons in fisherfolk communities (FFC) Uganda who selected for high risk behaviour. We assessed the of and associated factors a general population FFC to determine population-wide HIV rates.A community-based cohort study was conducted random sample 2191 participants aged 18-49 years. At baseline 12 months post-baseline, data collected on socio-demographic characteristics risky behaviors (including number partners, new condom use, use alcohol...
Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine administered at monthly intervals, but not that dosed once a school term, is remarkably effective measure for the prevention of incidence malaria, prevalence parasitemia, and anemia in schoolchildren living high-transmission setting. Background. Intermittent preventive treatment (IPT) offers promising option malaria control. However, optimal drug dosing regimens IPT remain to be determined. Methods. We conducted randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled...
To assess the timing of symptomatic genital ulcer disease (GUD) relative to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seroconversion, we studied 248 case subjects who underwent HIV seroconversion and 496 HIV-negative control subjects, at 3 interview visits conducted 10-month intervals: visit 1, before acquisition; 2, after seroconversion; 3, 10 months detection seroconversion. Odds ratios (ORs) 95% confidence intervals (CIs), for acquisition, were estimated by logistic regression. load was measured...
Objective To assess mortality impact of HIV in rural Uganda. Methods An open cohort 19 983 adults aged 15–59 years, Rakai district was followed at 10 month intervals for four surveys. Sociodemographic characteristics and symptomatology/disease conditions were assessed by interview. Deaths among residents out-migrants identified household census. Mortality rates computed per 1000 person years (py) the rate ratio (RR) death HIV-positive/HIV-negative subjects, population attributable fraction...
Associate Editor Michael G. Wyllie Editorial Board Ian Eardley, UK Jean Fourcroy, USA Sidney Glina, Brazil Julia Heiman, Chris McMahon, Australia Bob Millar, Alvaro Morales, Canada Perelman, Marcel Waldinger, Netherlands OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between adult male circumcision and sexual satisfaction function in men, as observational studies on effect of show conflicting results. SUBJECTS AND METHODS We investigated self‐reported among men enrolled a randomized trial for...
Geographical inaccessibility, lack of transport, and financial burdens are some the demand side constraints to maternal health services in Uganda, while supply problems include poor quality related unmotivated workers inadequate supplies. Most public interventions Uganda have addressed only selected issues, universities focused their efforts on providing at tertiary hospitals. To demonstrate how reforms Makerere University College Health Sciences (MakCHS) can lead making systemic changes...
Introduction: Male circumcision reduces HIV acquisition in men. We assessed whether foreskin surface area was associated with prior to circumcision. Methods: In two randomized trials of male circumcision, the measured after surgery using standardized procedures. Nine hundred and sixty-five initially HIV-negative men were enrolled a community cohort who subsequently trials, provided 3920.8 person-years observation estimated incidence per 100 categorized into quartiles. Results: Mean...