Leigh Anne Eller
A5046264591- HIV Research and Treatment
- Immune Cell Function and Interaction
- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches
- HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
- Viral Infections and Outbreaks Research
- HIV-related health complications and treatments
- HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk
- Virology and Viral Diseases
- Viral Infections and Vectors
- Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health
- Mosquito-borne diseases and control
- Hepatitis B Virus Studies
- Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Research
- Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Herpesvirus Infections and Treatments
- Cytomegalovirus and herpesvirus research
- Sex work and related issues
- Disaster Response and Management
- Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies
- Blood groups and transfusion
- Malaria Research and Control
- Syphilis Diagnosis and Treatment
- Poxvirus research and outbreaks
Henry M. Jackson Foundation
2016-2025
Walter Reed Army Institute of Research
2016-2025
Jackson Foundation
2007-2024
Universidade Vila Velha
2024
Purdue University West Lafayette
2024
Duke University
2024
University of California, Los Angeles
2022
HJF Medical Research International
2014-2021
Federal Reserve
2021
York District Hospital
2021
Acute human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection is a major contributor to transmission of HIV-1. An understanding acute HIV-1 may be important in the development treatment strategies eradicate or achieve functional cure.
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) subtypes differ in biological characteristics that may affect pathogenicity.We determined the HIV-1 subtype-specific rates of disease progression among 350 seroconverters. Subtype, viral load, and CD4(+) cell count were determined. Cox proportional hazards regression modeling was used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) acquired syndrome (AIDS) (defined as a < or =250 cells/mm(3)) AIDS-associated death.A total 59.1% study subjects had subtype...
Modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA), developed >30 years ago as a highly attenuated candidate smallpox vaccine, was recloned from 1974 passage and evaluated for safety immunogenicity. Replication of MVA is impaired in most mammalian cells, we found that mice with severe combined immunodeficiency disease remained healthy when inoculated at 1,000 times the lethal dose derived licensed Dryvax vaccine seed. In BALB/c intramuscularly MVA, virus-specific CD8+ T cells antibodies to purified...
Introduction The 2016 WHO consolidated guidelines on the use of antiretroviral drugs defines HIV virologic failure for low and middle income countries (LMIC) as plasma HIV-RNA ≥ 1000 copies/mL. We evaluated predictors in four African countries. Materials methods included HIV-infected participants a recommended therapy (ART) regimen enrolled Cohort Study between January 2013 October 2017. Studied outcomes were (plasma copies/mL at most recent visit), viraemia 50 visit); persistent two...
New HIV vaccine approaches are focused on eliciting broadly neutralizing antibodies. We characterized early gamma-delta (γδ) T cell responses starting from pre-acquisition and during acute infection (AHI) in participants previously for neutralization breadth development. found significant differences γδ surface marker expression that developed compared to those did not. Activation of cells occurred within the first weeks acquisition associated with viral load. Expression CD16 Vδ1 CD57 Vδ2...
Data on the effect of HIV-1 viral subtype CD4 T-cell decline are limited.We assessed rate per year among 312 HIV seroincident persons infected with different subtypes. Rates by were determined linear mixed effects models, using an unstructured convariance structure.A total 59.6% had D, 15.7% A, 18.9% recombinant viruses (R), and 5.8% multiple subtypes (M). For all combined, overall was -34.5 [95% confidence interval (CI), -47.1, -22.0] cells/ microL yr, adjusted for age, sex, baseline...
Background. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) vaccine development remains a global priority. We describe the safety and immunogenicity of multiclade DNA prime with replication-defective recombinant adenovirus serotype 5 (rAd5) boost. Methods. The is 6-plasmid mixture encoding HIV envelope (env) subtypes A, B, C subtype B gag, pol, nef, an rAd5 expressing identical genes, exception nef. Three hundred twentyfour participants were randomized to receive placebo (n = 138), single dose at 1010...
Immunoglobulin G (IgG) is the most abundant serum antibody which structural characteristics and effector functions are modulated through attachment of various sugar moieties called glycans. Composition IgG N-glycome changes with age an individual in different diseases. Variability glycosylation within a population well studied known to be affected by both genetic environmental factors. However, global inter-population differences have never been properly addressed. Here we present...
Background Clinical trials are increasingly being conducted internationally. In order to ensure enrollment of healthy participants and proper safety evaluation vaccine candidates, established reference intervals for clinical tests required in the target population. Methodology/Principal Findings We report a range study Ugandan adult blood bank donors establishing hematology chemistry parameters. Several differences were observed when compared previously values from United States, most...
In order to inform the rational design of HIV-1 preventive and cure interventions it is critical understand events occurring during acute infection (AHI). Using viral deep sequencing on six participants from early capture RV217 cohort, we have studied evolution in plasma collected twice weekly first weeks following advent viremia. The analysis infections established by multiple transmitted/founder (T/F) viruses revealed novel profiles that included: a) low-level persistence minor T/F...
Abstract Background Noninfectious comorbid diseases (NCDs) contribute to morbidity and mortality in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–infected populations resource-rich countries. With antiretroviral therapy (ART) scale-up Africa, understanding burden NCD informs public health strategy. Methods At enrollment, participants at 11 HIV clinics Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Nigeria underwent medical history, physical, laboratory, neuropsychological assessments identify elevated blood pressure,...
Abstract Mucosa-associated invariant T (MAIT) cell loss in chronic HIV-1 infection is a significant insult to antimicrobial immune defenses. Here we investigate the response of MAIT cells during acute utilizing RV217 cohort with paired longitudinal pre- and post-infection samples. are activated expand blood mucosa coincident peak viremia, manner associated emerging microbial translocation. This followed by phase elevated function as viral replication controlled set-point level, later their...
Harnessing CD8+ T cell responses is being explored to achieve HIV remission. Although HIV-specific cells become dysfunctional without treatment, antiretroviral therapy (ART) partially restores their function. However, the extent of this recovery under long-term ART less understood.We analyzed differentiation status and function after initiated in acute or chronic infection ex vivo upon vitro recall.ART initiation any stage promoted persistence long-lived with high expansion (P<0·0008)...
HIV-subtype D is associated with more rapid disease progression and higher rates of dementia in Ugandan adults compared A. There are no data comparing neuropsychological function by HIV subtype children.One hundred two HIV-infected antiretroviral therapy (ART) naive children 6-12 years old (mean 8.9) completed the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children, second edition (KABC-2), Test Variables Attention (TOVA), Bruininks-Oseretsky Motor Proficiency, (BOT-2). Using a PCR-based multiregion...
The loss of HIV-specific CD8+ T cell cytolytic function is a primary factor underlying progressive HIV infection, but whether cells initially possess effector capacity, and when why this may be lost during unclear. Here, we assessed functional evolution from to chronic infection. We observed profound expansion perforin+ immediately following infection that quickly waned after acute viremia resolution. Selective expression the effector-associated transcription factors T-bet eomesodermin in...
Background and Objective: Natural killer (NK) cells most likely contribute toward limiting HIV-1 replication, investigation into their function throughout the course of infection is therefore important. We here aimed to determine state NK cell compartment in Ugandans with untreated clade A or D comparison matched uninfected controls. Methods Results: The phenotype were investigated using 10-color flow cytometry. Surprisingly, displayed elevated production interferon-γ macrophage inflammatory...
HIV-1 disease progression is associated with persistent immune activation. However, the nature of this association incompletely understood. Here, we investigated activation in CD4 T cell compartment chronically infected individuals from Rakai, Uganda. Levels activation, assessed as co-expression PD-1, CD38 and HLA-DR, correlated directly to viral load inversely count. Deeper characterization these cells indicated an effector memory phenotype relatively frequent expression Ki67 despite their...