Isabella Swafford
A5083256182- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing
- Animal Virus Infections Studies
- COVID-19 Impact on Reproduction
- HIV Research and Treatment
- Immune Cell Function and Interaction
- Physical Activity and Health
- COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Neonatal and fetal brain pathology
- Psychological and Temporal Perspectives Research
- COVID-19 and healthcare impacts
- Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Bacterial Infections and Vaccines
- Toxin Mechanisms and Immunotoxins
- HIV-related health complications and treatments
- Virus-based gene therapy research
- Health disparities and outcomes
- Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
- Viral Infections and Immunology Research
- vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches
- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular Disturbances
- Acute Ischemic Stroke Management
Henry M. Jackson Foundation
2021-2025
Walter Reed Army Institute of Research
2021-2025
Unifor
2024
The University of Texas at San Antonio
2024
Makerere University Walter Reed Project
2022
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke
2019
National Institutes of Health
2019
University of Maryland, College Park
2019
University of Maryland, Baltimore
2018
The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants stresses the continued need for next-generation vaccines that confer broad protection against disease 2019. We developed and evaluated an adjuvanted SARS-CoV-2 spike ferritin nanoparticle (SpFN) vaccine in nonhuman primates. High-dose (50-μg) SpFN vaccine, given twice 28 days apart, induced a T helper cell 1 (T H 1)–biased CD4 response elicited neutralizing antibodies wild type concern, as well SARS-CoV-1....
Abstract The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants concern (VOC) requires adequate coverage vaccine protection. We evaluated whether a spike ferritin nanoparticle (SpFN), adjuvanted with the Army Liposomal Formulation QS21 (ALFQ), conferred protection against Alpha (B.1.1.7), and Beta (B.1.351) VOCs in Syrian golden hamsters. SpFN-ALFQ was administered as either single or double-vaccination (0 4 week) regimens, using high (10 μg) low (0.2 dose. Animals were intranasally challenged at week 11....
Emergence of novel variants the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) underscores need for next-generation vaccines able to elicit broad and durable immunity. Here we report evaluation a ferritin nanoparticle vaccine displaying receptor-binding domain SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (RFN) adjuvanted with Army Liposomal Formulation QS-21 (ALFQ). RFN vaccination macaques using two-dose regimen resulted in robust, predominantly Th1 CD4+ T cell responses reciprocal peak mean...
Despite rapid and ongoing vaccine therapeutic development, SARS-CoV-2 continues to evolve evade, presenting a need for next-generation diverse modalities. Here we show that nurse sharks immunized with recombinant receptor binding domain (RBD), RBD-ferritin (RFN), or spike protein ferritin nanoparticle (SpFN) immunogens elicit set of new antigen antibody (IgNAR) molecules target two non-overlapping conserved epitopes on the RBD. Representative shark variable NAR-Fc chimeras (ShAbs) targeting...
Abstract The repeat emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants concern (VoC) with decreased susceptibility to vaccine-elicited antibodies highlights the need develop next-generation vaccine candidates that confer broad protection. Here we describe antibody response induced by Spike Ferritin Nanoparticle (SpFN) candidate adjuvanted Army Liposomal Formulation including QS21 (ALFQ) in non-human primates. By isolating and characterizing several monoclonal directed against Receptor Binding Domain (RBD),...
New HIV vaccine approaches are focused on eliciting broadly neutralizing antibodies. We characterized early gamma-delta (γδ) T cell responses starting from pre-acquisition and during acute infection (AHI) in participants previously for neutralization breadth development. found significant differences γδ surface marker expression that developed compared to those did not. Activation of cells occurred within the first weeks acquisition associated with viral load. Expression CD16 Vδ1 CD57 Vδ2...
Prevention of viral escape and increased coverage against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants concern require therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting multiple sites vulnerability on the spike glycoprotein. Here we identify several potent neutralizing directed either N-terminal domain (NTD) or receptor-binding (RBD) protein. Administered in combinations, these mAbs provided low-dose protection SARS-CoV-2 infection K18-human angiotensin-converting...
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a staggering impact on social, economic, and public health systems worldwide. Vaccine development mobilization against SARS-CoV-2 (the etiologic agent of COVID-19) been rapid. However, novel strategies are still necessary to slow the pandemic, this includes new approaches vaccine and/or delivery that will improve vaccination compliance demonstrate efficacy emerging variants. Here, we report immunogenicity comprising stabilized, pre-fusion spike protein trimers...
Given the continuous emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants concern (VoCs), immunotherapeutics that target conserved epitopes on spike (S) glycoprotein have therapeutic advantages. Here, we report crystal structure SARS-CoV-2 S receptor-binding domain (RBD) at 1.95 Å and describe flexibility distinct conformations angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE2)-binding site. We identify a set SARS-CoV-2-reactive monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) with broad RBD...
This study demonstrates the impact of adjuvant on development T follicular helper (Tfh) and B cells, their influence antibody responses in mice vaccinated with SARS-CoV-2-spike-ferritin-nanoparticle (SpFN) adjuvanted either Army Liposome Formulation containing QS-21 (SpFN + ALFQ) or Alhydrogel
The emergence of novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants stresses the continued need for next-generation vaccines that confer broad protection against disease 2019 (COVID-19). We developed and evaluated an adjuvanted SARS-CoV-2 Spike Ferritin Nanoparticle (SpFN) vaccine in nonhuman primates (NHPs). High-dose (50 µ g) SpFN vaccine, given twice within a 28 day interval, induced Th1-biased CD4 T cell helper response peak neutralizing antibody geometric mean...
Microglia maintain brain homeostasis by performing iC3b-mediated synaptic pruning on excessive dendritic spines during neurodevelopment. Cellular interaction with iC3b is mediated the Arp2/3 complex in other cell types, but understudied microglia. Using a combination of vitro and situ physical confinement studies, we examined CR3-dependent clearance microglia role plays enabling this clearance. We demonstrated inhibition decreased phagocytosis motility vitro. Furthermore, demonstrate that...
We leveraged specimens from the RV217 prospective study that enrolled participants at high risk of HIV-1 acquisition to investigate how NK, conventional T cells, and unconventional cells influence acquisition. observed low levels α4β7 expression on memory CD4 iNKT two cell types highly susceptible infection, in exposed seronegative (HESN) compared seroconverter (HESC) participants. NK HESN had higher HESC, presented a quiescent phenotype, capacity respond opsonized target cells. also...
ABSTRACT Emergence of novel variants the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) underscores need for next-generation vaccines able to elicit broad and durable immunity. Here we report evaluation a ferritin nanoparticle vaccine displaying receptor-binding domain SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (RFN) adjuvanted with Army Liposomal Formulation QS-21 (ALFQ). RFN vaccination macaques using two-dose regimen resulted in robust, predominantly Th1 CD4+ T cell responses reciprocal peak...
Abstract Prior immune responses to coronaviruses might affect human SARS-CoV-2 response. We screened 2,565 serum and plasma samples collected from 2013 through early 2020, before the COVID-19 pandemic began, 2,250 persons in 4 countries Africa (Kenya, Nigeria, Tanzania, Uganda) Thailand, including living with HIV-1. detected IgG spike (S) subunit 2 protein 1.8% of participants. Profiling against 23 coronavirus antigens revealed that S, 2, or 1 proteins were significantly more frequent than...
Emerging severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants and waning immunity call for next-generation vaccine strategies. Here, we assessed the immunogenicity protective efficacy of two SARS-CoV-2 vaccines targeting WA1/2020 spike protein, Ad26.COV2.S (Ad26) Spike ferritin Nanoparticle (SpFN), in nonhuman primates, delivered as either a homologous (SpFN/SpFN Ad26/Ad26) or heterologous (Ad26/SpFN) prime-boost regimen. The Ad26/SpFN regimen elicited highest CD4 T cell...
Abstract The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants concern (VOC) requires adequate coverage vaccine protection. We evaluated whether a spike ferritin nanoparticle (SpFN), adjuvanted with the Army Liposomal Formulation QS21 (ALFQ), conferred protection against B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 VOCs in Syrian golden hamsters. SpFN-ALFQ was administered as either single or double-vaccination (0 4 week) regimens, using high (10 μg) low (0.2 immunogen dose. Animals were intranasally challenged at week 11. Binding...
The RV144 Thai phase III clinical trial’s canarypox–protein HIV vaccine regimen showed modest efficacy in reducing infection. We therefore sought to determine the effects of administration on innate cell activation and subsequent associations with vaccine-induced immune responses. RV306 was a randomized, double-blind trial HIV-uninfected adults that tested delayed boosting following regimen. PBMC collected from participants prior 3 days after last boost were used investigate activation. Our...
Abstract Lyssaviruses are the causative agent for rabies, a disease that is uniformly fatal in humans. Once infection reaches central nervous system (CNS), currently approved therapies ineffective. Using luminescence-based longitudinal tracing of lyssavirus mouse model lethal rabies disease, we have shown peripheral administration single dose human monoclonal antibody (mAb) F11 protects animals from lethality, even when virus already robustly replicating CNS. Additionally, behavioral...
Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has had a staggering impact on social, economic, and public health systems worldwide. Vaccine development mobilization against SARS-CoV-2 (the etiologic agent of COVID-19) been rapid. However, novel strategies are still necessary to slow the pandemic, this includes new approaches vaccine and/or delivery, which improve vaccination compliance demonstrate efficacy emerging variants. Here we report immunogenicity comprised stabilized, pre-fusion Spike protein...