A5083934959- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk
- Genital Health and Disease
- HIV Research and Treatment
- Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health
- Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting Issues
- Sex work and related issues
- HIV/AIDS Impact and Responses
- Mobile Health and mHealth Applications
- Global Maternal and Child Health
- Hepatitis B Virus Studies
- HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
- Urologic and reproductive health conditions
- Hepatitis C virus research
- Reproductive tract infections research
- HIV-related health complications and treatments
- Cervical Cancer and HPV Research
- Herpesvirus Infections and Treatments
- Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment
- Mosquito-borne diseases and control
- COVID-19 Digital Contact Tracing
- Malaria Research and Control
- Health Literacy and Information Accessibility
- Viral Infections and Outbreaks Research
- Ethics and Legal Issues in Pediatric Healthcare
Rakai Health Sciences Program
2012-2025
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
2024-2025
Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research
2016-2025
National Institutes of Health
2024
National Cancer Institute
2019-2021
Amsterdam University Medical Centers
2020
Leidos (United States)
2016-2018
Leidos Biomedical Research Inc. (United States)
2017-2018
Johns Hopkins University
2009-2016
Makerere University
2016
Male circumcision significantly reduced the incidence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection among men in three clinical trials. We assessed efficacy male for prevention herpes simplex type 2 (HSV-2) and papillomavirus (HPV) infections syphilis HIV-negative adolescent boys men.We enrolled 5534 HIV-negative, uncircumcised subjects between ages 15 49 years two trials HIV other sexually transmitted infections. Of these subjects, 3393 (61.3%) were HSV-2-seronegative at enrollment....
Background Human resource limitations are a challenge to the delivery of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in low-resource settings. We conducted cluster randomized trial assess effect community-based peer health workers (PHW) on AIDS care adults Rakai, Uganda. Methodology/Principal Findings 15 clinics were 2∶1 receive PHW intervention (n = 10) or control 5). tasks included clinic and home-based provision counseling, clinical, adherence ART, social support. Primary outcomes cumulative risk...
Uncircumcised human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-negative men aged 15-49 years were randomized to immediate circumcision (intervention arm, 441 subjects) or delayed (control 399 subjects). Human papillomavirus (HPV) was detected by Roche HPV Linear Array at enrollment, and 6, 12, 24 months. Incident high-risk (HR-HPV) estimated in who acquired a new HR-HPV genotype. clearance determined with prior genotype-specific infections. Rate ratios (RRs) 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of acquisition...
Associate Editor Michael G. Wyllie Editorial Board Ian Eardley, UK Jean Fourcroy, USA Sidney Glina, Brazil Julia Heiman, Chris McMahon, Australia Bob Millar, Alvaro Morales, Canada Perelman, Marcel Waldinger, Netherlands OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between adult male circumcision and sexual satisfaction function in men, as observational studies on effect of show conflicting results. SUBJECTS AND METHODS We investigated self‐reported among men enrolled a randomized trial for...
It has been hypothesized that HIV-1 viral load set-point is a surrogate measure of virulence, and it may be subject to natural selection in the human host population. A key test this hypothesis whether set-points are correlated between transmitting individuals those acquiring infection. We retrospectively identified 112 heterosexual HIV-discordant couples enrolled cohort Rakai, Uganda, which HIV transmission was suspected established. In addition, sequence data available establish by genetic...
Little is known about risk factors for incident herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infection among men in Africa. In a trial Rakai, Uganda, 6396 aged 15-49 years were evaluated serological evidence of HSV-2, human immunodeficiency (HIV), and syphilis infections at enrollment 6, 12, 24 months. The prevalence HSV-2 was 33.76%, the incidence 4.90 cases per 100 person-years. increased with alcohol use sexual intercourse (adjusted rate ratio [adjIRR], 1.92 [95% confidence interval {CI},...
In Rakai, Uganda, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive men were randomized to undergo either immediate circumcision (intervention arm) or delayed (control arm). Penile swab samples assayed for high-risk papillomavirus (HR-HPV) by Roche HPV Linear Array at enrollment and 24 months arm, 103 subjects; control 107 subjects). Rate ratios (RRs) of HR-HPV estimated Poisson regression. At months, prevalence was found in 57 (55.3%) subjects the intervention arm 77 (71.7%) (RR, 0.77; 95%...
HIV testing and counseling (HTC) is essential for successful prevention treatment programs. The national target HTC 80% of the adult population in Kenya. Population-based data to measure progress towards this are needed assess country's changing needs treatment.In 2012-2013, we conducted a survey among Kenyans aged 18 months 64 years. Respondents 15-64 years were administered questionnaire that collected information on demographics, behavior, self-reported status. Blood samples central...
Switch from first to second-line ART is recommended by WHO for patients with virologic failure. Delays in switching may contribute accumulated drug resistance, advanced immunosuppression, increased morbidity and mortality. The 3rd 90' of UNAIDS 90:90:90 targets 90% viral suppression persons on ART. We evaluated the rate antiretroviral therapy (ART), impact delayed immunologic, virologic, mortality outcomes Rakai Health Sciences Program (RHSP) Clinical Cohort Study which started providing...
Insufficient data on neurodevelopmental benefits of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in children.Prospective study 329 mothers and children aged 0-6 years to assess neurodevelopment. Results stratified by the maternal (M) child (C) HIV status (MHIV⁻/CHIV⁻, MHIV⁺/CHIV⁻, MHIV⁺/CHIV⁺). Gross Motor, Visual Reception, Fine Receptive, Expressive Language scores were assessed Mullen Scales Early Learning. Global cognitive function was derived from an Learning Composite (ELC) score. Standardized weight...
The impact of HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy (ART) on neurocognitive outcomes among children aged 7-14 years was assessed. We hypothesized that ART would ameliorate sequelae infection.HIV-positive HIV-negative mother-child pairs from the Rakai Community Cohort Study clinics in Rakai, Uganda, were followed prospectively for 4 years. Exposures stratified as: perinatally infected, exposed but uninfected, unexposed uninfected. Kaufman Assessment Battery Children assessed sequential...
Abstract HIV incidence in eastern and southern Africa has historically been concentrated among girls women aged 15–24 years. As new cases decline with interventions, population-level infection dynamics may shift by age gender. Here, we integrated population-based surveillance of 38,749 participants the Rakai Community Cohort Study longitudinal deep-sequence viral phylogenetics to assess how population groups driving transmission have changed from 2003 2018 Uganda. We observed 1,117...
Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infection is associated with an increased risk for acquiring HIV, but little known about the temporal sequence of these infections.: Six thousand three hundred ninety-six men were evaluated serologic HSV-2 and HIV infections behaviors during a male circumcision trial in Rakai, Uganda.HIV status determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays confirmed by HIV-1 western blots. A Poisson multivariable model was used to estimate adjusted incidence rate...
There are limited data on individual human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) viral load (VL) trajectories at the population-level after introduction of universal test and treat (UTT) in sub-Saharan Africa.
ABSTRACT Background There are limited population-level data on the pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) care continuum in eastern Africa. Here, we assessed PrEP following rollout a Ugandan community with ∼40% HIV seroprevalence. Methods We used cross-sectional population-based collected between September 3 and December 19, 2018 from Lake Victoria fishing southern Uganda to measure levels of self-reported knowledge, ever use, discontinuation 2017 via U.S. President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief...
Recent declines in HIV incidence among adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) Africa are often attributed to the expansion of biomedical interventions such as antiretroviral therapy voluntary medical male circumcision. However, changes sexual behaviour may also play a critical role. Understanding relative contributions these factors is essential for developing strategies sustain further reduce transmission. We conducted mathematical modelling study data from Rakai Community Cohort Study...
Background: Preventing HIV infections among adolescents and young adults (AYA) is crucial for curtailing the epidemic. Oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) a highly effective prevention method increasingly available to this age group in sub-Saharan Africa but population-based data on awareness use of PrEP AYA remains limited. Methods: Analyzing survey from two rounds Rakai Community Cohort Study, an open, cohort, we estimated prevalence ratios associating various sociodemographic...
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a tick-borne disease endemic to many regions of Africa, the Middle East, Southeast Asia and Balkans. Caused by CCHF virus (CCHFV), has been recognized cause illness in Uganda since 1950s recently, more intensive surveillance suggests CCHFV widely within country. Most focused on Ugandan cattle corridor due risk exposure associated with livestock practices. Here we evaluated seroprevalence several Southern communities outside combined longitudinal...
Female bar or sex workers (FBSWs) in Eastern Africa experience a high burden of HIV. However, there is limited population-level data on HIV seroprevalence, incidence, and viral suppression among their male partners. Men who had with FBSWs the past year were identified through longitudinal population-based surveillance southern Uganda between 2013 2020. Surveillance was conducted over four surveys Lake Victoria fishing communities (HIV seroprevalence∼40%) 37 inland agricultural trading...
There is limited population-level data on the pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) care continuum in eastern Africa. Here, we assessed PrEP following rollout a Ugandan community with ~40% HIV seroprevalence. We used cross-sectional population-based collected between September 3 and December 19, 2018 from Lake Victoria fishing southern Uganda to measure levels of self-reported awareness, ever-use, discontinuation 2017 via U.S. President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR)-supported phased...