Andrew D. Redd
A5089024784- HIV Research and Treatment
- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk
- vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches
- SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing
- Cytomegalovirus and herpesvirus research
- HIV-related health complications and treatments
- Genital Health and Disease
- Renal Transplantation Outcomes and Treatments
- Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health
- Immune Cell Function and Interaction
- Herpesvirus Infections and Treatments
- Hepatitis C virus research
- Long-Term Effects of COVID-19
- Animal Virus Infections Studies
- COVID-19 Impact on Reproduction
- Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting Issues
- COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Urologic and reproductive health conditions
- HIV/AIDS Impact and Responses
- Emergency and Acute Care Studies
- Cervical Cancer and HPV Research
Johns Hopkins Medicine
2016-2025
Johns Hopkins University
2016-2025
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
2016-2025
National Institutes of Health
2016-2025
University of Cape Town
2022-2025
Mount Sinai Hospital
2024
University of Mary
2024
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
2024
Office of Extramural Research
2017-2024
National Institute on Drug Abuse
2011-2023
An interim analysis of data from the HIV Prevention Trials Network (HPTN) 052 trial showed that antiretroviral therapy (ART) prevented more than 96% genetically linked infections caused by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in serodiscordant couples. ART was then offered to all patients with HIV-1 infection (index participants). The study included 5 years follow-up assess durability such for prevention transmission.We randomly assigned 1763 index participants receive either early or...
Convalescent plasma is a leading treatment for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but there paucity of data identifying its therapeutic efficacy. Among 126 potential convalescent donors, the humoral immune response was evaluated using severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS–CoV-2) virus neutralization assay with Vero-E6-TMPRSS2 cells; commercial IgG and IgA ELISA to detect spike (S) protein S1 domain (EUROIMMUN); IgA, IgG, IgM indirect ELISAs full-length S or receptor–binding (S-RBD); an...
Characterization of the T cell response in individuals who recover from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is critical to understanding its contribution protective immunity. A multiplexed peptide-MHC tetramer approach was used screen 408 SARS-CoV-2 candidate epitopes for CD8+ recognition a cross-sectional sample 30 disease 2019 convalescent individuals. cells were evaluated using 28-marker phenotypic panel, and findings modelled against time diagnosis...
Accurate serological assays to detect antibodies severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are needed characterize the epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 infection and identify potential candidates for disease 2019 (COVID-19) convalescent plasma (CCP) donation. This study compared performances commercial enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) with respect detection IgG or total neutralizing (nAbs). The diagnostic accuracy five commercially available EIAs (Abbott, Euroimmun, EDI,...
It is unclear why some SARS-CoV-2 patients readily resolve infection while others develop severe disease. By interrogating metabolic programs of immune cells in and recovered coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) compared with other viral infections, we identify a unique population T cells. These express increased Voltage-Dependent Anion Channel 1 (VDAC1), accompanied by gene functional characteristics linked to mitochondrial dysfunction apoptosis. The percentage these increases elderly...
There is a growing concern that ongoing evolution of SARS-CoV-2 could lead to variants (VOC) are capable avoiding some or all the multifaceted immune response generated by both prior infection vaccination, with recently described B.1.1.529 (Omicron) VOC being particular interest. Peripheral blood mononuclear cell samples from PCR-confirmed, recovered COVID-19 convalescent individuals (n = 30) infected in United States collected April and May 2020 who possessed at least one more six different...
Background It is often assumed that local sexual networks play a dominant role in HIV spread sub-Saharan Africa. The aim of this study was to determine the extent which continued transmission rural communities—home two-thirds African population—is driven by intra-community versus viral introductions from outside communities. Methods and Findings We analyzed spatial dynamics Rakai District, Uganda, using data cohort 14,594 individuals within 46 applied clustering statistics, phylogenetics,...
Reports from the United States have demonstrated that elevated markers of microbial translocation gut may be found in chronic and advanced HIV-1 infection are associated with an increase immune activation. However, this phenomenon's role disease Africa is unknown. This study examined longitudinal relationship between circulating inflammatory cytokine responses a cohort people varying rates progression Rakai, Uganda. Multiple for (lipopolysaccharide, endotoxin antibody, sCD14) did not change...
Convalescent plasma therapy is a leading treatment for conferring temporary immunity to COVID-19-susceptible individuals or use as post-exposure prophylaxis. However, not all recovered patients develop adequate antibody titers donation and the relationship between avidity neutralizing currently well understood.SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike anti-nucleocapsid IgG were measured in longitudinal cohort of COVID-19 hospitalized (n = 16 individuals) cross-sectional sample convalescent donors 130)....
This study examined whether CD8+ T-cell responses from coronavirus disease 2019 convalescent individuals (n = 30) potentially maintain recognition of the major severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants (alpha, beta, gamma; n 45 mutations assessed). Only 1 mutation found in Beta variant-spike overlapped with a previously identified epitope (1/52), suggesting that virtually all anti-SARS-CoV-2 should recognize these newly described variants.
SARS-CoV-2 (CoV2) antibody therapies, including COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP), monoclonal antibodies, and hyperimmune globulin, are among the leading treatments for individuals with early infection. The functionality of varies greatly, but association epitope specificities remains uncharacterized. We assessed reactivities to peptides across CoV2 4 endemic human coronavirus (HCoV) genomes in 126 CCP donations. found strong correlation between polyclonal targeting spike protein peptides....
BackgroundInternational and global organisations advocate targeting interventions to areas of high HIV prevalence (ie, hotspots). To better understand the potential benefits geo-targeted control, we assessed extent which hotspots along Lake Victoria sustain transmission in neighbouring populations south-central Uganda.MethodsWe did a population-based survey Rakai, Uganda, using data from Rakai Community Cohort Study. The study surveyed all individuals aged 15–49 years four high-prevalence...
Convalescent plasma has been deployed globally as a treatment for COVID-19, but efficacy mixed. Better understanding of the antibody characteristics that may contribute to its antiviral effects is important this intervention well offer insights into correlates vaccine-mediated protection.
Preexisting antibodies to endemic coronaviruses (CoV) that cross-react with SARS-CoV-2 have the potential influence antibody response COVID-19 vaccination and infection for better or worse. In this observational study of mucosal systemic humoral immunity in acutely infected, convalescent, vaccinated subjects, we tested cross-reactivity against CoV spike (S) protein at subdomain resolution. Elevated responses, particularly β-CoV OC43, were observed all natural cohorts correlated SARS-CoV-2....
BackgroundKidney transplantation from donors with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) to recipients HIV is an emerging practice. It has been performed since 2016 under the U.S. congressional Organ Policy Equity Act and currently approved for research only. The Department of Health Human Services considering expanding procedure clinical practice, but data are limited small case series that did not include without as controls.MethodsIn observational study conducted at 26 centers, we compared...
SummaryBackgroundThe persistence of a replication-competent latent viral reservoir (RC-LVR) during antiretroviral therapy (ART) is barrier to the development cure for HIV-1, but role genes in influencing RC-LVR size unclear. We aimed assess whether magnitude by which HIV-1 accessory protein Nef evades adaptive immune response downregulating MHC-I or CD4, both, from surface infected cells associated with rate at people changes long-term ART (>1 year).MethodsWe conducted an exploratory cohort...
Background. The HIV Prevention Trials Network (HPTN) 052 trial demonstrated that early initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) reduces human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission from HIV-infected adults (index participants) to their HIV-uninfected sexual partners. We analyzed 38 index-partner pairs and 80 unrelated index participants (controls) assess the linkage seroconversion events.
A genetic bottleneck is known to exist for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) at the point of sexual transmission. However, nature this and its effect on viral diversity over time unclear.Interhost intrahost HIV was analyzed in a stable population Rakai, Uganda, from 1994 2002. HIV-1 envelope sequences both individuals initially HIV-discordant relationships which transmission occurred later were examined using Sanger sequencing bulk polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products (for 22 couples),...
Background. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) superinfection has been documented in high-risk individuals; however, the rate of among HIV-infected individuals within a general population remains unknown. Methods. A novel next-generation ultra-deep sequencing technique was utilized to determine HIV heterosexual by examining two regions viral genome longitudinal samples from recent seroconverters (n = 149) Rakai District, Uganda. Results. The 1.44 per 100 person years (PYs) (95% confidence...
HIV Prevention Trials Network 052 demonstrated that antiretroviral therapy (ART) prevents transmission in serodiscordant couples. from index-partner pairs was analyzed to determine the genetic linkage status of partner infections. Forty-six infections were classified as linked, indicating index likely source partner's infection. Lack viral suppression and higher load associated with linked Eight diagnosed after started ART: 4 near time ART initiation failure. Linked not observed when...
Abstract To prevent new infections with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in sub-Saharan Africa, UNAIDS recommends targeting interventions to populations that are at high risk of acquiring and passing on the virus. Yet it is often unclear who where these ‘source’ are. Here we demonstrate how viral deep-sequencing can be used reconstruct HIV-1 transmission networks infer direction networks. We able deep-sequence from a large population-based sample infected individuals Rakai...
We compared the behavior of two approaches (Cluster Picker and HIV-TRACE) at varying genetic distances to identify transmission clusters. used three HIV gp41 sequence datasets originating from Rakai Community Cohort Study: (1) next-generation (NGS) data nine linked couples; (2) NGS longitudinal sampling 14 individuals; (3) Sanger consensus sequences a cross-sectional dataset (n = 1,022) containing 91 epidemiologically heterosexual couples. calculated optimal distance threshold separate...