A5079157000- HIV Research and Treatment
- Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Research
- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- Hepatitis C virus research
- Immune Cell Function and Interaction
- HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
- Hepatitis B Virus Studies
- Entrepreneurship Studies and Influences
- T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Immunodeficiency and Autoimmune Disorders
- Mental Health Research Topics
- Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies
- Respiratory viral infections research
- vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches
- Digital Mental Health Interventions
- Private Equity and Venture Capital
- Blood groups and transfusion
- Evolution and Genetic Dynamics
- Plant and animal studies
- HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk
- Microbial infections and disease research
- Biosimilars and Bioanalytical Methods
- Cholinesterase and Neurodegenerative Diseases
- Insect and Arachnid Ecology and Behavior
- Impact of Technology on Adolescents
Johns Hopkins University
2011-2021
Johns Hopkins Medicine
2012-2014
Office of Infectious Diseases
2012
Duke University
2008-2011
Duke University Hospital
2008-2011
Duke Medical Center
2008-2011
Pediatrics and Genetics
2011
Bard College
2004
The initial antibody response to HIV-1 is targeted envelope (Env) gp41, and nonneutralizing ineffective in controlling viremia. To understand the origins characteristics of gp41-binding antibodies produced shortly after transmission, we isolated studied gp41-reactive plasma cells from subjects acutely infected with HIV-1. frequencies somatic mutations were relatively high these antibodies. Reverted unmutated ancestors derived frequently did not react autologous Env; however, polyreactive...
During the recent H1N1 influenza pandemic, excess morbidity and mortality was seen in young but not older adults suggesting that prior infection with strains may have protected subjects. In contrast, a history of seasonal trivalent vaccine younger associated protection.To study hemagglutinin (HA) antibody responses immunization infection, we studied day 7 plasma cell repertoires subjects immunized inactivated (TIV) compared them to experimentally infected (EI) H3N2 A/Wisconsin/67/2005. The...
Background It is often assumed that local sexual networks play a dominant role in HIV spread sub-Saharan Africa. The aim of this study was to determine the extent which continued transmission rural communities—home two-thirds African population—is driven by intra-community versus viral introductions from outside communities. Methods and Findings We analyzed spatial dynamics Rakai District, Uganda, using data cohort 14,594 individuals within 46 applied clustering statistics, phylogenetics,...
Affinity maturation of the antibody response is a fundamental process in adaptive immunity during which B-cells activated by infection or vaccination undergo rapid proliferation accompanied acquisition point mutations their rearranged immunoglobulin (Ig) genes and selection for increased affinity eliciting antigen. The rate somatic hypermutation at any position within an Ig gene known to depend strongly on local DNA sequence, have region-specific codon biases that influence mutation...
Background. The HIV Prevention Trials Network (HPTN) 052 trial demonstrated that early initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) reduces human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission from HIV-infected adults (index participants) to their HIV-uninfected sexual partners. We analyzed 38 index-partner pairs and 80 unrelated index participants (controls) assess the linkage seroconversion events.
Abstract Motivation: The inference of pre-mutation immunoglobulin (Ig) rearrangements is essential in the study antibody repertoires produced response to infection, B-cell neoplasms and autoimmune disease. Often, there are several that nearly equivalent as candidates for a given Ig gene, but have different consequences an analysis. Our aim this article develop probabilistic model rearrangement process Bayesian method estimating posterior probabilities comparison multiple plausible...
ABSTRACT Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has recently been used for analysis of HIV diversity, but this method is labor-intensive, costly, and requires complex protocols data analysis. We compared diversity measures obtained using NGS to those a assay based on high-resolution melting (HRM) DNA duplexes. The HRM provides single numeric score that reflects the level in region analyzed. gag env from individuals Rakai, Uganda, were analyzed previous study ( n = 220 samples 110 individuals)....
Abstract Vaccines designed to prevent or treat hepatitis C viral infection must achieve maximum cross-reactivity against widely divergent circulating strains. Rational approaches for sequence selection maximize immunogenicity and minimize genetic distance across strains may enhance vaccine induction of optimal cytotoxic T cell responses. We assessed recognition potential virus (HCV) sequences generated using three rational approaches: combining epitopes with predicted tight binding the MHC,...
ABSTRACT Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a global health problem, with millions of chronically infected individuals at risk for cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. HCV vaccine development vital in the effort toward disease control eradication, an undertaking aided by increased understanding mechanisms resistance to broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs). In this study, we identified codons that vary deep phylogenetic tree sequences showed polymorphism one these positions renders...
Extraordinary viral sequence diversity and rapid genetic evolution are hallmarks of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Viral has previously been shown to mediate escape from cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) neutralizing antibody responses in acute HCV continues during chronic infection, but the pressures driving these changes poorly defined. We analyzed plasma 5.2-kb hemigenomes multiple longitudinal time points isolated individuals Irish anti-D cohort, who were infected with a common source...
ABSTRACT Hepatitis C virus (HCV) research is hampered by the use of arbitrary representative isolates in cell culture and immunology. The most replicative isolate vitro a subtype 2a (JFH-1); however, genotype 1 more prevalent worldwide represents about 70% infections United States, genotypes differ from one another 31% to 33% at nucleotide level. For phylogenetic immunologic analyses, viruses H77 HCV-1 (both 1a) are commonly used based on their historic importance. In an effort rationally...
Background. Determinants of intersubtype differences in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) clinical disease progression remain unknown.
Assays to determine HIV incidence from cross-sectional surveys have exhibited a high rate of false-recent misclassification in Kenya and Uganda where subtypes A D predominate. Samples individuals infected with for at least 2 years known infecting subtype (133 A, 373 D) were tested using the BED-CEIA an avidity assay. Both assays had higher compared (13.7% vs. 6.0%, p=0.02 BED-CEIA; 11.0% 1.5%, p<0.001 avidity). For samples, by was also more frequent women than men (15.0% 5.6%, p=0.002),...
Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is complicated by hepatic fibrosis. Hypothesizing that early fibrogenic signals may originate in cells susceptible to HCV infection, hepatocyte gene expression was analyzed from persons with chronic at different stages of liver Four HCV-infected subjects precirrhosis fibrosis (Ishak 3-5) were matched for age, race, and gender five no evidence 0). Hepatocytes each subject isolated biopsies using laser capture microdissection. Transcriptome profiling...
To investigate HIV-1 molecular epidemiology in Singapore, we sequenced portions of three regions the genome (protease HXB2: 2163 to 2620, gp120 6904 7628, and gp41 7817 8264) from 212 plasma samples collected between February 2008 August 2009. From these samples, 109 (51.4%) generated interpretable data all regions. Sixty-one (56.0%) were identified as CRF01_AE, 26 (23.9%) subtype B 14 (12.8%) possible novel recombinant forms. The main pattern, detected 13 sequences, had protease CRF01_AE...
Even though 1 in 5 Americans experience some form of mental illness each year, 80% have been shown to discontinue psychotherapy prematurely. The traditional service delivery model, consisting isolated clinical sessions, lacks the ability keep patients engaged outside sessions. Newer digital health platforms can address need for a robust tool that tracks well-being and improves engagement with depressive symptoms.The primary goals this feasibility study were (1) assess compliance among...
In the presence of recombination and gene conversion, a given genomic segment may inherit information from 2 distinct immediate ancestors. The importance this type molecular inheritance has become increasingly clear over years, potential for erroneous inference when it is not accounted in statistical model well documented. Yet, inclusion plural ancestry (PA) phylogenetic analysis still routine. This omission due to greater difficulty on general acyclic graphs compared that with trees...
SUMMARYThis paper develops a frequency-based analysis of every open reading frame (ORF) in the honey bee (Apis mellifera) genome using set PERL algorithms which were developed to identify novel exonic regions. Using actual amino acid abundances for these regions, this ORF profiles approach found background Poisson distribution randomly arranged On top background, significant overabundances small regions greater than 16 acids found. Some share similarity known sequences such as ribosomal...
Methods Blood PCs from three AHI subjects obtained approximately 17, 20 and 30 days after HIV-1 transmission were sorted into 96-well plates for amplification of VH VL genes by RT/PCR. The isolated expressed as recombinant IgG1 mAbs in 293T cells transfection using linear Ig expression cassettes, specificity produced was determined ELISA luminex bead immunoassays against a panel non-HIV-1 antigens.