A5003006739- Hepatitis C virus research
- HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk
- HIV Research and Treatment
- Hepatitis B Virus Studies
- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment
- Immune Cell Function and Interaction
- Opioid Use Disorder Treatment
- HIV-related health complications and treatments
- HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
- Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia detection and treatment
- T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis
- Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Research
- T-cell and Retrovirus Studies
- Diabetes and associated disorders
- Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Research
- Homelessness and Social Issues
- Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
- Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research
- Alcohol Consumption and Health Effects
- Infectious Diseases and Tuberculosis
- Sex work and related issues
- Mycobacterium research and diagnosis
- Renal Transplantation Outcomes and Treatments
Johns Hopkins University
2015-2024
Johns Hopkins Medicine
1997-2024
Bloomberg (United States)
2019
University of Baltimore
1997-2013
Office of Infectious Diseases
2010
University of Iowa
2008
National Cancer Institute
1999-2004
Science Applications International Corporation (United States)
2004
New York Academy of Medicine
1999-2004
University of Southampton
2004
Natural killer (NK) cells provide a central defense against viral infection by using inhibitory and activation receptors for major histocompatibility complex class I molecules as means of controlling their activity. We show that genes encoding the NK cell receptor KIR2DL3 its human leukocyte antigen C group 1 (HLA-C1) ligand directly influence resolution hepatitis virus (HCV) infection. This effect was observed in Caucasians African Americans with expected low infectious doses HCV but not...
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection may resolve (viral clearance), persist without complications, or cause end-stage liver disease (ESLD). The frequency and determinants of these outcomes are poorly understood.To assess the incidence viral clearance ESLD among persons who acquired HCV from injection drug use.Community-based prospective cohort study with enrollment in 1988-1989 a median follow-up 8.8 years.A total 1667 aged 17 years older history use an antibody-positive test result during...
It is unclear whether there are differences between men and women with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection in the plasma level of viral RNA (the load). In men, initial load after seroconversion predicts likelihood progression to acquired syndrome (AIDS), but relation two has not been assessed women. Currently, guidelines for initiating antiretroviral therapy applied uniformly men.
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and related immunosuppression are associated with excess risk for cervical neoplasia human papillomavirus (HPV) persistence. Type-specific HPV was assessed at 6-month intervals HIV-positive HIV-negative women (median follow-up, 2.5 2.9 years, respectively). The type-specific incidence of determined, factors persistence were investigated by statistical methods that accounted repeated measurements. 1.8, 2.1, 2.7 times more likely to have high-,...
Persons with HIV infection have been reported to develop age-related diseases at younger ages than those without HIV. Whether this finding is related or failure control for other risk factors unknown.To investigate whether persons hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related liver disease similar HIV.Comparison of the severity fibrosis by age among who HCV and followed concurrently in same protocol.Observational cohort from Baltimore, Maryland, participating ALIVE (AIDS Linked IntraVenous Experience)...
Background. Transient elastography is a novel, noninvasive method for staging liver fibrosis. We compared with histologic methods among hepatitis C virus (HCV)–infected and human immunodeficiency (HIV)–HCV-coinfected participants in an urban, predominantly black study population. Methods. Participants recruited from the AIDS Linked to Intravenous Experience Johns Hopkins HIV Clinical Cohort studies underwent determine stiffness measurements. Liver biopsy specimens were staged F0–F4...
As survival with HIV infection improves, HIV-infected individuals appear to be susceptible development of chronic diseases, including restrictive and obstructive lung diseases. We sought determine the independent association on function decline.Longitudinal analysis AIDS Linked Intravenous Experience study, an observational cohort current former IDUs.Generalized estimating equations were used effects markers adjusted annual change in forced expiratory volume one second (FEV1) vital capacity...
To examine temporal trends and predictors of linkage to HIV care, longitudinal retention in care viral suppression among injection drug users (IDUs) infected with HIV.Community-based, prospective cohort study.We prospectively studied 790 HIV-infected IDUs participating the AIDS Linked Intravenous Experience (ALIVE) study from 1998 through 2011. were considered linked if they attended any visit during follow-up retained reported clinic attendance at every semi-annual visit. We used logistic...
A broad, vigorous CD4 T cell response, mediated by class II human leukocyte antigens (HLAs), favors hepatitis C virus (HCV) clearance. HLA-DQB1*0301 has been associated with viral clearance in an ethnically homogeneous cohort. To validate this association and to identify other associations varied cohort, molecular HLA typing was performed on 200 HCV 374 matched persistently infected subjects. weakly combined ethnic groups (odds ratio [OR], 0.72; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.53–0.97) but...
Cross-sectional studies have demonstrated lower plasma human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RNA levels (VLs) in women than men, but it is unknown whether this sex difference present at the time of seroconversion and throughout course infection. A nested case-control study was performed among HIV-1 seroconverters within a cohort injection drug users. Plasma VL determined longitudinally both rapid progressors to AIDS (24 patients) nonprogressors (47 controls). The initial median female...
ABSTRACT In studies of acute hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, the early host immune response is one determinants viral persistence. The class I human leukocyte antigens (HLA), which present foreign antigen to cytolytic T cells, are integral components this response. We hypothesized that highly polymorphic HLA genes affect outcome an HCV infection. To test hypothesis, we molecularly typed 231 persons with well-documented clearance infection and 444 matched persistently infected persons....
Following an acute hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, clearance or persistence is determined in part by the vigor and breadth of host immune response. Since human leukocyte antigen system (HLA) integral component response, we hypothesized that highly polymorphic HLA genes are key determinants viral clearance. class I II were molecularly typed 194 Caucasian individuals with 342 matched controls who had cleared virus. A single allele, A*0301 (odds ratio [OR], 0.47; 95% confidence interval...
ABSTRACT Immunosuppression from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) may impair antibody formation, and false-negative hepatitis C (anti-HCV) tests have been reported in individuals coinfected with HIV HCV. It is unknown if the frequency of sufficiently high to change screening recommendations this setting. Thus, prevalence results for anti-HCV by third-generation was determined samples HIV-infected individuals. Sera 559 944 HIV-negative prospectively followed injection drug users were tested...
OBJECTIVES. Data from 538 women in a cohort study recruited 1988-1989 were analyzed to determined whether trading sex for drugs or money was independently associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seroprevalence population of female intravenous drug users. METHODS. The grouped according the number partners whom they reported during previous 10 years: none, 1 through 49 (low), 50 more (high); prevalence HIV seropositivity three groups 23.2%, 23.7%, and 47.6%, respectively. Logistic...
Abstract Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is an important human pathogen that represents a model for chronic infection given the majority of infected individuals fail to clear despite generation virus-specific T cell responses during period acute infection. Although viral sequence evolution at targeted MHC class I-restricted epitopes one mechanism immune escape in HCV, many remain intact under circumstances persistence. To explore alternative mechanisms HCV evasion, we analyzed patterns expression...
Although most hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections are acquired by injection drug use, prospective data on the progression of liver fibrosis sparse. Baseline biopsies were obtained (1996-1998) a random sample 210 out 1667 HCV-positive users (IDUs). Subjects followed biannually, with second biopsy offered to those eligible. Paired scored 0 6 (modified Ishak score), significant was defined as score 3 or greater, and an increase 2 more units clinical evidence end-stage disease. Predictive values...
Background. Accurate testing algorithms are needed for estimating human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) incidence from cross-sectional surveys. Methods. We developed a multiassay algorithm (MAA) HIV that includes the BED capture enzyme immunoassay (BED-CEIA), an antibody avidity assay, load, and CD4+ T-cell count. analyzed 1782 samples 709 individuals in United States who had known duration of infection (range, 0 to >8 years). Logistic regression with cubic splines was used compare performance...
<h3>Background</h3> Evidence suggests an association between HIV infection and the presence of obstructive lung disease (OLD). However, associations specific markers OLD remain unclear. A study was undertaken to determine independent infection, CD4 cell count plasma viral load with in urban cohort. <h3>Methods</h3> Clinical, laboratory spirometric data from AIDS Linked Intravenous Experience (ALIVE) study, observational current former injection drug users Baltimore, Maryland, were analysed....
Interferon lambda 4 protein can be generated in IFNL4-ΔG carriers but not IFNL4-TT homozygotes. We studied 890 anti–hepatitis C virus (HCV)–positive participants the Women's Interagency HIV Study. Among blacks (n = 555), HCV was more often cleared for those with genotype IFNL4-TT/TT (32.6%; odds ratio [OR], 3.59; P 3.3 × 10−5) than IFNL4-TT/ΔG (11.3%; OR, 0.95; .86) or IFNL4-ΔG/ΔG (11.9%; referent). Pooling these data published results 1678), ORs were 3.84 (P 8.6 10−14) and 1.44 .03)...