Extreme heat and wildfire smoke events are increasingly co-occurring in the context of climate change, especially California. may have synergistic effects on population health that vary over space. We leveraged high-resolution satellite monitoring data to quantify spatially varying compound exposures extreme California (2006–2019) at ZIP Code Tabulation Area (ZCTA) level. found between daily cardiorespiratory hospitalizations state also spatial heterogeneity such across ZCTAs. Communities...

Childhood asthma is characterized by disparities in the experience of morbidity, including risk for readmission to hospital after an initial hospitalization. African American children have been shown more than 2 times hazard when compared with their white counterparts.To explain why are at greater asthma-related readmissions children.This study was completed as part Greater Cincinnati Asthma Risks Study, a population-based, prospective, observational cohort. From August 2010 October 2011, it...

Abstract Wildfire smoke fine particles (PM 2.5 ) are a growing public health threat as wildfire events become more common and intense under climate change, especially in the Western United States. Studies assessing association between PM exposure typically summarize effects over study area. However, responses to may vary spatially. We evaluated spatially‐varying respiratory acute care utilization risks associated with short‐term explored community characteristics possibly driving spatial...

Metabolomics is a novel tool to explore the biological mechanisms of health effects fine particulate matter (PM2.5) air pollution. Very few studies have examined urinary metabolomic changes associated with PM2.5 exposure.To assess alternation in urine metabolomics response short-term exposure.We conducted randomized, double-blind, crossover trial 9-day real or sham indoor purification among 45 healthy college students Shanghai, China. Urine samples were collected immediately at end each...

The tremendous global health burden related to COVID-19 means that identifying determinants of severity is important for prevention and intervention. We aimed explore long-term exposure ambient air pollution as a potential contributor severity, given its known impact on the respiratory system.We used cohort all people with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, aged 20 years older not residing in care facility Ontario, Canada, during 2020. evaluated association between fine particulate matter...

Importance Long-term exposure to total fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) is a recognized dementia risk factor, but less known about wildfire-generated PM , an increasingly common source. Objective To assess the association between long-term wildfire and nonwildfire of incident dementia. Design, Setting, Participants This open cohort study was conducted using January 2008 December 2019 electronic health record (EHR) data among members Kaiser Permanente Southern California (KPSC), which serves...

Discordance in kidney disease severity between affected relatives is a recognized feature of autosomal dominant polycystic (ADPKD). Here, we report systematic study large cohort families to define the prevalence and clinical features intrafamilial discordance ADPKD.The extended Toronto Genetic Epidemiology Study Polycystic Kidney Disease (eTGESP) includes 1390 patients from 612 unrelated with ADPKD ascertained regional center. All probands underwent comprehensive PKD1 PKD2 mutation...

High concentrations of household air pollution (HAP) due to biomass fuel usage with unvented, insufficient combustion devices are thought be an important health risk factor in South Asia population. To better characterize the indoor particulate matter (PM2.5) and carbon monoxide (CO), understand their impact on rural southern Nepal, this study analyzed daily monitoring data collected DataRAM pDR-1000 LASCAR CO logger 2980 households using traditional cookstove through Nepal Cookstove...

Abstract Heat and tropospheric ozone have acute impacts on rates of premature death. Warm temperatures affect the photochemical processes in formation, suggesting as a mediator health effect heat mortality. We assembled summertime daily time-series data set 15 French urban areas during 2000–2015 to decompose total waves mortality into natural direct indirect effects using regression-based product method under potential outcomes framework. For each area, we estimated quasi-Poisson model with...

Great uncertainty exists around indoor biomass burning exposure-disease relationships due to lack of detailed exposure data in large health outcome studies. Passive nephelometers can be used estimate high particulate matter (PM) concentrations during cooking low resource environments. Since passive do not have a collection filter they are subject sampler overload. Nephelometric concentration readings biased particle growth humid environments and differences compositional size dependent...

Background Air pollution exposure may contribute to rhinoconjunctivitis morbidity in children with underlying airways disease. Prior studies have not assessed rhinoconjunctivitis-related quality of life (QOL) asthma chronically exposed air pollution. Methods Children ages 9–19 years from peri-urban Peru, self-reporting symptoms (n = 484), were administered the Rhinoconjunctivitis QOL Questionnaire (RQLQ) at repeated intervals over one year, scores dichotomized into bothered (>0) and (= 0)....

To investigate the association between changes in long term residential exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and premature mortality Canada.Population based quasi-experimental study.Canada.663 100 respondents 1996, 2001, 2006 Canadian censuses aged 25-89 years who had consistently lived areas with either high or low PM2.5 levels over five preceding census day moved during ensuing years.Changes arising from mobility.The primary outcome was deaths natural causes. Secondary...

Short-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2·5) is associated with increased risk of hospital admissions and mortality, health risks differ by the chemical composition PM2·5. Policies control PM2·5 could change its total mass concentration, leading in subsequent impact. However, there little ence on whether associations between exhibit temporal variation. We investigated hospitalisations from short-term varied over time USA.We did a time-series analysis using national dataset...

Background: Numerous epidemiological studies have documented the adverse health impact of long-term exposure to fine particulate matter [particulate ≤2.5μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5)] on mortality even at relatively low levels. However, methodological challenges remain consider potential regulatory intervention's complexity and provide actionable evidence predicted benefits interventions. We propose parametric g-computation as an alternative analytical approach such challenges. Method:...

The increasing frequency and severity of extreme heat events due to climate change present unique risks children adolescents. There is a lack evidence regarding how heat's impacts on pediatric patients vary spatially structural sociodemographic factors drive this heterogeneity. We examined the association between acute care utilization in California for 19 distinct health conditions. then assessed consequences varied at ZIP code level identified environmental justice metrics that modulated...

The impact of past air quality improvements on health and equity at low pollution levels near the revised WHO guidelines remains largely unknown. Less is known about influence simultaneous reductions in multiple major pollutants. Leveraging real-world across Canada, we sought to directly evaluate their benefits by quantifying a joint shift three criteria pollutants mortality national cohort. In this population-based cohort study, assembled 2·7 million adults living Canada 2007 who were...

Evidence suggests the existence of nonlinearity in relationship between long-term fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and mortality, methods to flexibly incorporate can be improved. To heuristically evaluate necessity incorporating machine-learning algorithms, we compared benefit reducing PM2.5 on mortality estimated from three analytical with varying flexibility complexity. Using a cohort Canadian Community Health Survey respondents (followed 2005 until 2014), obtained consented respondents'...

During the 2023 wildfire season, Ontario, Canada, had unprecedented smoke, but health impact on population is unknown. We aimed to quantify acute of smoke respiratory and cardiovascular outcomes across Ontario. conducted a quasi-experimental study by leveraging timing 2 consecutive episodes in June 2023. Heavy blanketed much Ontario occasions, early again late June, causing severely degraded daily air quality. Following epidemiologic triangulation framework, we collected data emergency...

Abstract Immortal time bias is a well-recognized in clinical epidemiology but rarely discussed environmental epidemiology. Under the target trial framework, this formally conceptualized as misalignment between start of study follow-up (time 0) and treatment assignment. This can occur when attained duration encoded into assignment using minimums, maximums, or averages. The be exacerbated presence trends commonly found exposures. Using lung cancer cases from California Cancer Registry...

Background Long-term exposure to outdoor fine particulate matter (PM