This paper presents a methodology for three-dimensional (3D) computer modelling of the breast, using combination 3D geometrical primitives and voxel matrices that can be further subjected to simulated x-ray imaging, produce synthetic mammograms. The breast phantom is composite model includes surface, duct system terminal ductal lobular units. Cooper's ligaments, pectoral muscle, mammographic background abnormalities. A second analytical matter interaction module used generate images from...

The extent to which an oral load of glucose is absorbed from the gut and oxidized during prolonged exercise a matter controversy. Four healthy volunteers, 18-28 yr, were submitted on 4 different days 105-min treadmill at 22, 39, 51, 64% their individual VO2max. After 15 min adaptation exercise, they received orally 100 g naturally labeled [13C]glucose. Oxidation exogenous was followed by 13CO2 measurements in expired air; total carbohydrate lipid oxidation evaluated indirect calorimetry....

A new method of optimized efficiency for the retrospective reconstruction tomograms is presented. The has been developed use with isocentric fluoroscopic units and capable performing digital tomosynthesis anatomical planes user selected orientation distance from isocenter. Optimization achieved by segmenting process into discrete transformations that are specific to groups pixels, rather than pixel operations. These involve a number projections acquired image matrices as well parallel...

Purpose: This work presents an improved algorithm for the generation of 3D breast software phantoms and its evaluation mammography. Methods: The methodology has evolved from a previously presented noncompressed modeling method used creation models different size, shape, composition. phantom is composed surface, duct system terminal ductal lobular units, Cooper's ligaments, lymphatic blood vessel systems, pectoral muscle, skin, mammographic background texture, abnormalities. key improvement...

Abstract Background Laser bio-stimulation is a well-established procedure in Medical Acupuncture. Nevertheless there still confusion as to whether it works or the effect just placebo. Although plethora of scientific papers published, showing positive clinical results, lack objective proofs about lasers used The this work was design and build body surface electrode an amplifier for biopotential recording from acupuncture points, considered here small localized bio-sources (SLB). aimed...

This paper presents a mammography simulator and demonstrates its applicability in feasibility studies dual-energy (DE) subtraction mammography. is an evolution of previously presented x-ray imaging simulation system, which has been extended with new functionalities that are specific for DE simulations. The features include incident exposure dose calculations, the implementation algorithm as well amendments to detector source modelling. system was then verified by simulating experiments...

Objective: It is well established that computer based models of x-ray imaging systems are basic and very important tools for developing evaluating new emerging techniques, optimizing technical parameters, performing feasibility studies prior to implementation in clinical practice. Such essential the development establishment breast modalities aim detect better characterize lesions their early stage. This work presents a complete software package, called BreastSimulator, dedicated research....

It was reported previously that glucose ingestion prior to or at the beginning of muscular exercise a readily available metabolic substrate. The aim this study see what percentage carbohydrate utilization can be covered by ingested regularly during exercise. Male healthy volunteers exercised for 285 min approximately 45% their individual maximal O2 uptake on 10% uphill treadmill. After 15 adaptation they received either 200 g (group G 200) 400 400) (0.25 X ml H2O-1) orally in eight equal...

Due to selective isotopic effects occurring during photosynthesis, certain natural sugars are enriched in 13C Using such “naturally labeled 13C-glucose,” we studied glucose oxidation exercise seven normal volunteers and six insulin-dependent diabetics after an overnight fast. In the diabetics, blood was monitored night before test adjusted about 100 mg/dl by intravenous insulin infusion. The infusion withheld 15 min four maintained at 0.9 U/h for 2 h; then it 0.6 h five diabetics. Three...

A wireless ECG system using dry-contact electrodes is presented. The consists of a pair coin sized manufactured on standard printed circuit board that can operate both top the skin and through clothing be embedded within comfortable layers fabric. main unit assures transmission signal to computer for storage processing. provides differential gain 56dB over 1–150Hz bandwidth. Signals are digitized with 10-bit ADC samples transferred via ultra-low power ANT+ technology. preliminary results...

A wireless ECG system using dry-contact electrodes is presented. The consists of a pair coin sized manufactured on standard printed circuit board that can operate both top the skin and through clothing be embedded within comfortable layers fabric.

The aim of the present study was to compare metabolic fate repeated doses fructose or glucose ingested every 30 min during long-duration moderate-intensity exercise in men. Healthy volunteers exercised for 3 h on a treadmill at 45% their maximal oxygen consumption rate. "Naturally labeled" [13C]glucose [13C]fructose given orally 25-g (total feeding: 150 g; n = 6 each group). Substrate utilization evaluated by indirect calorimetry, and exogenous sugar oxidation measured isotope ratio mass...

The quality of the reconstructed images in Digital Tomosynthesis is often limited by presence artifacts due to blur from planes other than fulcrum plane. A technique has been developed for separation and subsequent removal unrelated structures method involves reconstruction originating user-selected "noisy" as it appears on plane interest. This achieved projecting selected image formation all viewing angles, subsequently, synthesizing its blurred There are no restrictions identity be...

Summary. To investigate further the hormonal and metabolic adaptations occurring when carbohydrates are ingested after prolonged exercise, we have compared fate of a 100‐g oral glucose load (using ‘naturally labelled’ 13 C‐glucose) in healthy volunteers an overnight fast at rest either without previous exercise or 3‐h performed on treadmill about 50% individual V̇ o 2 max. In comparison to control conditions, tolerance test (OGTT) post‐exercise recovery period was characterized by greater...

A software data generation tool, intended to be used in radiographic applications, has been developed. The application integrates a phantom design module and an imaging simulator. Phantoms can described as set of either geometrical objects or voxels, contours drawn on multiple tomographic slices. Radiographic projections the phantoms are formed basis simulated irradiation process, with selectable parameters. Comparison between actual projection images from physical shows good correspondence....

Purpose: To study image quality in filtered digital tomosynthesis (FDTS) tomograms as a function of their reconstruction arc, using isocentrically acquired, fluoroscopic projection data. Material and Methods: Both (DTS) cone beam CT (CBCT) algorithms are based on backprojection use data input. Under limited angle conditions, CBCT is reduced to FDTS, where only subset used for reconstruction. The effect the arc spatial resolution, slice thickness, contrast sensitivity, shape distortion...

In this article, the image quality of reconstructed volumes by four algorithms for digital tomosynthesis, applied in case breast, is investigated using synchrotron radiation.An angular data set 21 images a complex phantom with heterogeneous tissue-mimicking background was obtained SYRMEP beamline at ELETTRA Synchrotron Light Laboratory, Trieste, Italy. The irradiated part multiple projection algorithm (MPA) and filtered backprojection ramp followed hamming windows (FBR-RH) (FBP-R)....

Objective: This study aims to investigate the use of 3D printing techniques for fabrication physical breast phantoms, suitable conventional and phase contrast imaging. Such phantoms could provide essential information design, development optimization emerging X-ray imaging modalities. Materials Methods: Physical were constructed using two techniques: Fused Deposition Modeling Stereolithography. Eight materials printing, including thermoplastic filaments photopolymer resins, investigated...