The goal of this research is to assess hazardous heavy metal levels in PM2.5 fractioned road dust order quantify the risk inhalation and potential health effects. To accomplish this, Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectroscopy (ICP-MS) was used determine concentrations eight metals (Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn, Cd, As, Pb, Hg) portion samples from five different land use areas (commercial, residential, industrial, parks, educational) Zhengzhou, China. following were average city: Cr 46.26 mg/kg, Cu...

Concepts of resolving set and metric basis has enjoyed a lot success because multi-purpose applications both in computer mathematical sciences. For connected graph G(V,E) subset W V(G) is for G if every two vertices have distinct representations with respect to W. A minimum cardinality called this known as dimension G. Boron nanotubes different lattice structures, radii chirality’s attracted attention due their transport properties, electronic structure structural stability. In the present...

Pakistan is a developing economy with mainstay shifting gradually from agriculture to industry. Improving lifestyles, population growth, and rapid urbanization have led continuous increase in the demand of energy. The demand-supply gap amounts 5000 MW on average which reaches 7000 month July when energy at peak. This shortfall causes 4%–7% loss gross domestic product. Energy constant peak 8%–10% per annum. Fossil fuels make 61% mix, while share renewables less than 1%. situation calls for...

Drought is a complex natural phenomenon that occurs throughout the world. Analyzing and grasping occurrence development of drought events great practical significance for preventing disasters. In this study, Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) was adopted as index to quantitatively analyze temporal evolution, spatial distribution, gridded trend characteristics in Yellow River basin (YRB) during 1961–2015. The duration severity were extracted based on run theory,...

Heavy metals in road dust pose a significant threat to human health. This study investigated the concentrations, patterns, and sources of eight hazardous heavy (Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Pb, Hg) street Zhengzhou city PR China. Fifty-eight samples were analyzed based on three methods risk assessment, i.e., Geo-Accumulation Index (Igeo), Potential Ecological Risk Assessment (RI), Nemerow Synthetic Pollution (PIN). The results exhibited higher concentrations Hg Cd 14 7 times than their background...

The intensive abstraction of groundwater is causing a number problems such as depletion and quality deterioration. To manage problems, the data 256 piezometers regarding levels were acquired for period 2003 to 2012 in command area Lower Chenab Canal (LCC), West Faisalabad, Pakistan. MODFLOW MT3D models calibrated 2003–2007 validated years 2008–2012 with respect observed data, respectively. After successful calibration validation, two pumping scenarios developed up year 2030: Scenario I...

The purpose of this study was to determine the water-soluble concentrations hazardous heavy metals in Zhengzhou city road dust order quantify ecological and health risks. It discovered that Cu (328.3 µg/l), Zn (191.7 µg/l) were with highest concentrations, whereas Hg (0.24 Cd (2.61 Pb (3.57 lowest metals. Ecological risk assessment (RI) indicated most abundant contaminant Hg, followed by Cd, while five (Cr, Ni, Zn, As, Pb) fell into no pollution or low category. Inhalation risks findings...

Based on the different particle sizes of street dust, potential pollution load heavy metals from dry and wet atmospheric deposition to surface runoff in functional areas Zhengzhou city was estimated by using rain-scour metal index model. Compared EA, IA, CA areas, RA PA have a higher contribution Road deposited sediments (RDS) than other watersheds. utilized RDS model calculate loads various around (EA, CA, PA, RA). In land-use indices for pollutant (RDSindex,load) strength...

Abstract Resolving partition and dimension have multipurpose applications in computer, networking, optimization, mastermind games modelling of chemical substances. The problem finding exact values is hard so one can find bound for the a general family graph. In present article, we give sharp upper bounds lower m -wheel, W n , all ≥ 4 1. Presented data generalise some already available results.

Resolving set and metric basis has become an integral part in combinatorial chemistry molecular topology. It a lot of applications computer, chemistry, pharmacy mathematical disciplines. A subset S the vertex V connected graph G resolves if all vertices have different representations with respect to S. for is resolving having minimum cardinal number this called dimension G. In present work, we find also 1-pentagonal carbon nanocones. We conclude that only three are minimal requirement unique...

Knowing pests’ spatiotemporal distribution patterns is essential for forecasting population outbreaks and designing control tactics or long-term management plans. The family Noctuidae one of the largest families Lepidoptera order. noctuid’s moths are well represented in all zoogeographic regions various habitats have immeasurable ecological economic importance. Although species’ ecology has been extensively studied, little known about spatial temporal noctuid an agroecosystem. Therefore,...

Determining the degree of irregularity a certain molecular structure or network has been key source interest for topologists, but it is also important as provides an insight into features used to guess properties structures. In this article, we are interested in formulating closed forms measures some popular benzenoid systems, such hourglass H (m, n), jagged-rectangular J and triangular T n) systems. We compared our results graphically concluded which system among above listed more irregular...

Abstract The concept of minimal resolving partition and set plays a pivotal role in diverse areas such as robot navigation, networking, optimization, mastermind games coin weighing. It is hard to compute exact values dimension for graphic metric space, ( G , d ) networks. In this article, we give the sharp upper bounds lower generalized Möbius ladders, M m n all ≥3 ≥2.

Dendrimers are branched organic macromolecules with successive layers of branch units surrounding a central core. The molecular topology and the irregularity their structure plays role in determining structural properties like enthalpy entropy. Irregularity indices which based on imbalance edges determined for graphs associated some general classes dendrimers. We also provide graphical analysis these above said

Wastewater used as irrigation water is causing heavy metal accumulation in the agro-ecosystems. A greenhouse study was conducted to compare phytoaccumulation ability of four agroforestry tree species under different wastewater treatments. Three-month-old potted seedlings Morus alba, Acacia nilotica, ampliceps, and Azadirachta indica were with tap (C), municipal (MWW), industrial (IWW). Results showed that MWW had a positive IWW negative impact on biomass production all species. ampliceps...

Topological indices and connectivity polynomials are invariants of molecular graphs. These have the tendency predicting properties structures. The honeycomb network structure is an important type benzene network. In present article, new topological characterizations networks given in form degree-based descriptors. particular, we compute Zagreb Forgotten some such as hyper-Zagreb index, first second multiple F. We, for time, determine regularity Albert Bell index I R M ( G ) well F-index...

The concept of resolving set and metric basis has been very successful because multi-purpose applications both in computer mathematical sciences. A system which failure any single unit, another chain units not containing the faulty unit can replace originally used is called a fault-tolerant self-stable system. Recent research studies reveal that problem finding dimension NP-hard for general graphs computing exact values seems to be even harder although some bounds computed rather easily. In...

The present framework explores the climatic variability and impact of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on precipitation over 11 meteorological stations Jhelum River catchment (JRC) a 43-year period (1971–2013). Nonparametric Mann-Kendall (MK) innovative trend analysis methods were applied to determine variations in parameter (precipitation temperature time-series) illuminate how ENSO index with extreme changes time. MK test generally assessed increasing decreasing trends area, whereas...

Learning the syntax and structure of command-line commands is utmost importance in field cyber security to identify valid malicious sets commands. It hard learn every command because various reasons, such as continuous evolution commands, precise requirement, huge volume available no room for errors, etc. In this research work, we studied two approaches learning by detecting random tokens them, temp files, directories, numerical values, first approach, write hard-coded regular expressions a...

Birds are found throughout the world, they in every altitudes and habitats such as; grassy fields, marshy places, trees, open oceans savannah.Functional traits relay impact on species to contribute their ecosystem hence these referred functional traits.The diet is most trait i.e., nectarivores pollination, furgivorus contributing seed dispersal insectivores pest control (Greenberg et al., 2000;VanBael 2003VanBael , 2007;;Sekercioglu, 2006).Agricultural products chief source for food which...