Frequently it is useful to compare experimental values of the hyperpolarizabilities β and γ with calculated values. It also often helpful obtained from dc-electric field induced second harmonic generation (dc-SHG) experiments, e.g., using solvatochromism method. In order do this must be defined consistent conventions. paper, four commonly used conventions are discussed simple factors for converting between them presented. addition, sum-over-states expression calculation described its correct...

The first and second hyperpolarizabilities (β γ) of eight molecules at a fundamental wavelength 1064 were measured by gas-phase electric-field-induced second-harmonic generation (EFISH), hyper-Rayleigh scattering (HRS), liquid-phase HRS experiments. EFISH measurements give accurate values β γ for these in the gas phase, show that effective liquid is enhanced over value factor which varies from ≈0.4 to 2.0, above Lorentz local field factors. Combining all provides an accurate, absolute...

The third-order nonlinear-optical susceptibilities of 16 simple atoms and molecules (Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$, ${\mathrm{D}}_{2}$, ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}$, ${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$, ${\mathrm{CO}}_{2}$, ${\mathrm{CF}}_{4}$, ${\mathrm{SF}}_{6}$, ${\mathrm{CH}}_{4}$, ${\mathrm{C}}_{2}$${\mathrm{H}}_{6}$, ${\mathrm{C}}_{3}$${\mathrm{H}}_{8}$, n-${\mathrm{C}}_{4}$${\mathrm{H}}_{10}$, ${\mathrm{C}}_{4}$${\mathrm{H}}_{6}$) have been measured in the gas phase at two near-infrared wavelengths using...

Supplements and growth promotants containing steroid hormones are routinely administered to beef cattle improve feeding efficiency, reduce behavioral problems, enhance production. As a result, manure will contain both synthetic steroids as well range of endogenous including androgens, estrogens, progestogens. A two-year controlled study was conducted in which were via subcutaneous implants feed additives the occurrence 16 metabolites evaluated runoff from feedlots soil collected feedlot...

Hyper-Rayleigh light scattering measurements at incident wavelengths of 1064 and 1319 nm are reported for several organic nonlinear optical chromophores in solution with approximately 5%–10% uncertainty the relative first hyperpolarizabilities. The measured include representatives from C1, Cs, C2V, D3 molecular point groups both neutral ionic compounds. were made 2–5 cm−1 spectral resolution polarization analysis scattered light. Polarization ratios 2%–3% each molecule, magnitudes...

The dispersion of the nonlinear susceptibilities Ar, ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}$, and ${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ have been measured for wavelengths from 700.0 to 457.9 nm. A comparison is made with phenomenological models used in literature.

The beef cattle industry in the United States has been using a variety of growth-promoting steroids and steroidlike compounds (GPSCs) to improve growth rates, feed efficiency, lean muscle mass since 1954 (Raun Preston 1997). Almost 96% placed feedlots receive one or more GPSC treatments (USDA 2000). Although there are number natural used as GPSCs, synthetic often potent biologically active than their analogs (Preston 1999). After administration, portion these metabolites excreted into...

Strong short-range intermolecular interactions result in position and orientation correlations between nearest neighbour molecules isotropic liquids, but it is generally assumed that such extend at most a few molecular diameters. Results from second-harmonic light scattering experiments presented here reveal long-range liquid water, where the dipole distribution has form of nearly pure transverse vector field. Spatial scales range 200–2000 nm are probed by angle-dependent measurements...

The nonlinear susceptibility of acetonitrile has been measured in both the gas and liquid phases by dc electric field-induced second harmonic generation (dc-SHG or EFISH). EFISH signal for this molecule is dominated first hyperpolarizability β. It shown that local field factors do not adequately describe effect solvent environment. Thus it possible to extract ‘‘gas phase’’ values hyperpolarizabilities from measurements made solution. First hyperpolarizabilities, β γ, have calculated using ab...

Periodic phase matching is used to enhance the dc electric-field-induced secondharmonic generation by gases illuminated with a low-power laser beam. The theory of periodic discussed and experiments for measuring molecular hyperpolarizabilities are described.

The frequency dependence of the second hyperpolarizabilities (γ ) Kr and Xe have been measured in visible by means gas phase electric-field-induced second-harmonic generation (ESHG). A simple model relating dispersion nonresonant electronic contribution to γ for different third-order nonlinear optical processes is derived. This tested comparing results obtained here with those other methods.

Deviations from Kleinman symmetry for the second hyperpolarizability tensors of some simple atoms and molecules (He, Ar, Kr, Xe, ${\mathrm{CH}}_{4}$, ${\mathrm{CF}}_{4}$, ${\mathrm{SF}}_{6}$, ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$, ${\mathrm{D}}_{2}$, ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}$, ${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$, ${\mathrm{CO}}_{2}$, ${\mathrm{C}}_{2}$${\mathrm{H}}_{6}$, ${\mathrm{CHF}}_{3}$, ${\mathrm{C}}_{2}$${\mathrm{H}}_{4}$) have been measured down to 0.1% level accuracy at several frequencies far below first strong electronic...

The two-body collision-induced scattering spectra of CH4, CD4, CF4 and SF6 are presented. They shown to contain features due rotational Raman (CIRS). used obtain estimates the magnitude molecular polarizabilities A (dipole-quadrupole) E (dipole-octopole). zeroth moment translational CIS spectrum also provides further evidence that pair polarizability β(r) may be accurately described by point dipole-induced-dipole (DID) model with small dispersion corrections.

We have accurately measured the dispersion properties of nonlinear susceptibilities ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ and ${\mathrm{D}}_{2}$ over a sufficiently wide range to permit an extrapolation static limit, where comparison is made with theory. The effect vibrational resonances calculated shown be sig- nificant.

ABSTRACT RAINFALL simulation techniques were used to compare soil losses from various tillage systems on plots where corn and soybeans had been grown the previous season. The two year study was conducted a silty clay loam with 5% slope silt 10% slope. Five treatments, ranging moldboard plow system no-till, evaluated for each residue at site. Tillage planting operations up-and-down hill replicated plots. Total loss following 63.5 mm of rainfall applied during 60 min period averaged more than...

An experiment to measure the two-body collision-induced light scattering spectrum of Ar, CH4, CD4, CF4 and SF6 is described. Contrary previous studies, argon spectral intensity shown exceed that predictions first order dipole-induced-dipole model for pair polarizability anisotropy. It demonstrated empirically this can be accounted by second-order quantum mechanical effects. The profile analysed in terms various modifications polarizability. main object study provide a basis comparison with...

In this study, the fate of steroid hormones in beef cattle manure composting is evaluated. The 16 steroids and metabolites was evaluated composted from administered growth promotants with no hormone implants. estrogens (primary detected as estrone), androgens, progesterone, fusarium metabolite implant α-zearalanol monitored compost piles. First-order decay rates were calculated for half-lives ranged 8 d androsterone to 69 4-androstenedione. Other concentration data could not be fit...

ABSTRACT TILLAGE treatments leaving 20% or more of the soil surface covered with residue reduced erosion by at least 50% that which occurred from a moldboard plow system. No-till had and tended to have lowest cumulative runoff. These results were based on rainfall simulation tests six tillage used both 5 10% slopes in continuous corn production.

Hyper-Rayleigh scattering (HRS) is sensitive to long-range molecular orientation correlation in isotropic liquids composed of dipolar molecules. The functions that appear the calculation HRS mediated by vector part first hyperpolarizability β are same as for homogeneous random fields description fluid turbulence. Recent experiments measuring angle and polarization dependence from water find a dominant transverse mode contribution with amplitude independent wavevector, this observation...