We investigated the association between a U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH) R01 applicant's self-identified race or ethnicity and probability receiving an award by using data from NIH IMPAC II grant database, Thomson Reuters Web Science, other sources. Although proposals with strong priority scores were equally likely to be funded regardless race, we find that Asians are 4 percentage points black African-American applicants 13 less receive investigator-initiated research funding...

Much has been written in the past two decades about women academic science careers, but this literature is contradictory. Many analyses have revealed a level playing field, with men and faring equally, whereas other suggested numerous areas which field not level. The only widely-agreed-upon conclusion that are underrepresented college majors, graduate school programs, professoriate those fields most mathematically intensive, such as geoscience, engineering, economics, mathematics/computer...

The percentage of economics doctorates awarded to women has increased over the past twenty years. This article considers whether Ph.D. economists have their representation in academia, particularly at higher tenured ranks. Our study draws upon several empirical approaches and multiple data sets for 1990s. We find that when compared with other academic disciplines, are less likely get tenure take longer achieve it. Although gender differences productivity effect children on promotion partly...

Purpose To analyze the relationship between gender, race/ethnicity, and probability of being awarded an R01 grant from National Institutes Health (NIH). Method The authors used data NIH Information for Management, Planning, Analysis, Coordination grants management database years 2000–2006 to examine gender differences race/ethnicity-specific in receiving Type 1 award. descriptive statistics probit models determine degree, investigator experience, award probability, controlling a large set...

Estimates of neighborhood effects on children's outcomes vary widely among the studies that seek to identify their existence and magnitude, reflecting substantial variation in data model specification. Here, we review literature, ask if disparity estimates may reflect differences specification family characteristics, hence omitted variables bias. We report a systematic set robustness results for three youth (high school graduation, number years completed schooling, teen nonmarital...

Can Mentoring Help Female Assistant Professors? Interim Results from a Randomized Trial by Francine D. Blau, Janet M. Currie, Rachel T. A. Croson and Donna K. Ginther. Published in volume 100, issue 2, pages 348-52 of American Economic Review, May 2010

Researchers from economics, sociology, psychology, and other disciplines have studied the persistent under-representation of women in science, technology, engineering, mathematics (STEM).This chapter summarizes this research.We argue that women's is concentrated math-intensive science fields geosciences, math/ computer physical science.Our analysis concentrates on environmental factors influence ability, preferences, rewards for those choices.We examine how gendered stereotypes, culture,...

This research expands efforts to understand differences in NIH funding associated with the self-identified race and ethnicity of applicants. We collected data from 2,397 Biographical Sketches submitted between FY 2003 2006 as part new R01 Type 1 applications obtain detailed information on applicants' training scholarly activities, including publications. Using these data, we examined association an applicant's or probability receiving award. The publication history reported biographical...

To analyze the relationship among National Institutes of Health (NIH) R01 Type 1 applicant degree, institution type, and race/ethnicity, application award probability.

This article examines the relationship between Research & Development (R&D) funding and production of knowledge by academic chemists. Using articles published, either raw counts or adjusted for quality, we find a strong, positive causal effect on production. is similar across subsets universities, suggesting relatively efficient allocation R&D funds. Finally, document rapid acceleration in rate at which chemical was produced late 1990s early 2000s relative to financial human resources devoted its

Abstract This study uses data from the Survey of Doctorate Recipients to evaluate gender differences in salaries and promotion for academics humanities. Over time, salary can largely be explained by academic rank. Substantial tenure exist after controlling productivity demographic characteristics. However, we observe a slight decline gap most recent cohort evaluated. On basis this evidence, conclude that discrimination humanities tends operate through promotion, which turn affects wages.

This study uses data from the Survey of Doctorate Recipients to evaluate gender differences in salaries and promotion for academics humanities.Differences employment outcomes by are evaluated using three methods: Oaxaca decomposition is used examine salary differentials, binary choice models duration analysis estimate probability tenure.Over time, can largely be explained academic rank.Substantial tenure exist after controlling productivity demographic characteristics.However, authors...

In their annual review of academic salaries, the American Association University Professors observes large gender-related salary differentials. At doctoral-level institutions, male professors at rank full professor earn 11.4% more than women professors. Data on labor markets from Survey Doctorate Recipients to evaluate gender differences in salaries and promotion probabilities. Differences employment outcomes by are found using two methods: Oaxaca decomposition is used examine differentials,...

Women continue to be underrepresented in academic ranks the economics profession. The Committee on Status of Economics Profession American Economic Association established CeMENT mentoring workshop support women research careers. program was designed as a randomized controlled trial. This study evaluates differences between treatment and control groups career outcomes. Results indicate that relative group, treated are more likely stay academia have received tenure an institution ranked top...

This study uses data from Academic Analytics to examine gender differences in promotion associate professor economics. We found that women economics were 15 percent less likely be promoted after controlling for cumulative publications, citations, grants, and grant dollars. In contrast, we no significant other fields including biomedical science, physical political mathematics statistics, engineering. separated the sample by research intensity of institutions suggestive evidence these results...

<h3>Importance</h3> Public assistance policies may play a role in preventing child maltreatment by improving household resources among families of low incomes. The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) is one the largest public programs US. However, association state SNAP policy options to Child Protective Services (CPS) outcomes has not been rigorously examined. <h3>Objective</h3> To model with changes CPS and foster care US over time. <h3>Design, Setting, Participants</h3> This...

Abstract Numerous statistical studies of the determinants children's attainments measure circumstances or events occurring over childhood period by observations these variables for a single year short duration during childhood. These are accepted as proxies information entire period. We explore reliability estimated results from that use such "window" variables. Because window describing intermittent and discontinuous periods more persistent characteristics may fail to correspond experience,...