We analyzed a metagenome of the bacterial community associated with taproot sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) in order to investigate genes involved plant growth-promoting traits (PGPTs), namely 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase, indole acetic (IAA), N2 fixation, phosphate solubilization, pyrroloquinoline quinone, siderophores, and disease suppression as well methanol, sucrose, betaine utilization. The most frequently detected gene among PGPT categories encoded...

Heat-induced chalkiness of rice grains is a major concern for production, particularly with respect to climate change. Although the formation in endosperm suppressed by nitrogen, little known about cell-specific dynamics this process. Here, using picolitre pressure-probe electrospray-ionization mass spectrometry together transmission electron microscopy and turgor measurements, we examine heat-induced single cells intact seeds produced under controlled environmental conditions. Exposure heat...

Abstract Soybean red crown root rot (RCR), caused by the soil-borne fungal pathogen, Calonectria ilicicola , is most destructive disease affecting soybean production in Japan. To date, no resistant cultivars or effective fungicides have been developed to control this disease. In study, we evaluated 13 bacterial strains determine their efficacy controlling C. . We first investigated whether volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted exhibited any antifungal activity against using double-plate...

We examined the nitrogenase reductase (nifH) genes of endophytic diazotrophic bacteria expressed in field-grown sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas L.) by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR. Gene fragments corresponding to nifH were amplified from mRNA obtained stems and storage roots several months after planting. Sequence analysis revealed that these clones homologous sequences Bradyrhizobium, Pelomonas, Bacillus sp. DNA database. Investigation genomic extracted also showed high similarity various...

Foehn-like extreme hot and dry wind conditions (34°C, >2.5 kPa vapor pressure deficit, 7 m s(-1)) strongly affect grain quality in rice (Oryza sativa L.). This is a current concern because of the increasing frequency intensity combined heat water-deficit stress under climate change. Foehn-induced during grain-filling stage increase ring-shaped chalkiness as result spatiotemporal reduction starch accumulation endosperm, but kernel growth sometimes maintained by osmotic adjustment. Here, we...

1-Deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) is a potent α-glucosidase inhibitor and thus beneficial for prevention of diabetes. While we have succeeded in obtaining the culture supernatant extract (CSE) rich DNJ from microorganism source, information regarding its anti-hyperglycemic effect safety were still limited. Therefore, this study was aimed to evaluate DNJ. Oral sucrose tolerance test performed, result showed that CSE able significantly suppress blood glucose elevation suggested as main active compound....

Abstract Rice root elongation was markedly inhibited by the solution extracted from flooded soil incubated with wheat straw. The toxicity mainly due to ether extractable fractions under acidic conditions. following organic acids were detected in extract of solution: aliphatic acids; formic, acetic, propionic, butylic, and iso-valeric aromatic benzoic, 2-phenylpropionic, 3-phenylpropionic acids. In another experiment, field amended straw contained 2-hydroxybenzoic acid described above....

Abstract We investigated the potential dual application of two Bradyrhizobium strains ( B. diazoefficiens USDA110 and ottawaense SG09) plant growth-promoting bacteria, PGPB Pseudomonas spp.: OFT2 OFT5), to improve nodulation N 2 -fixation in soybean plants. The effects inoculation were observed on growth, physiology, under normal conditions compared with plants individually inoculated either or SG09. Both OFT5 promoted by 11% 56%, respectively, when 76% 81%, Salinity stress significantly...

Abstract Watercore is a physiological disorder in apple ( Malus × domestica Borkh.) fruits that appears as water-soaked tissues adjacent to the vascular core, although there little information on what exactly occurs at cell level watercored apples, particularly from viewpoint of water relations. By combining picolitre pressure-probe electrospray-ionization mass spectrometry (picoPPESI-MS) with freezing point osmometry and vapor pressure osmometry, changes status metabolisms were spatially...

Grain filling ability is mainly affected by the translocation of carbohydrates generated from temporarily stored stem starch in most field crops including rice (Oryza sativa L.). The partitioning non-structural has been recognized as an important trait for raising yield ceiling, yet we still do not fully understand how carbohydrate occurs stems. In this study, two subspecies that exhibit different patterns partitioning, a japonica-dominant cultivar, Momiroman, and indica-dominant Hokuriku...

Watercore is a physiological disorder that presents as water-soaked tissue in mature apple fruits, and occasionally accompanied by flesh browning or breakdown during storage. Excessive accumulation of sorbitol the intercellular space caused defect sugar transport considered to induce watercore. In this study, we performed GWAS for watercore using 2,739 individuals, identified major QTL on chromosome 14, found allele derived from 'Delicious' increases susceptibility. Through RNA-seq analysis,...

In previous work, probe electrospray ionization/mass spectrometry (PESI/MS) and sheath-flow (sfPESI/MS) were reported for the rapid minimally invasive analysis of food. this a modified version sfPESI will be reported. The sample surface was pricked with an acupuncture needle inserted in that protruded from terminus tip by 5 mm. invasion depth into ∼1 After sampling, retracted solvent-preloaded capillary protrusion length 0.1–0.2 mm tip. A mass spectrum captured on obtained applying high...

リンゴみつ入り果と非みつ果の香味特性および香味成分のプロファイリングを実施し,嗜好性と香味成分との関連を検討した.みつ入り果の揮発性成分はメチルエステル類,エチルエステル類が特徴的に増加した一方,酢酸エステル類や炭素数3以上のアルコール由来のエステル類は減少した.可溶性成分ではソルビトール,スクロース,L-アラニン,ピログルタミン酸,デヒドロアスコルビン酸が増加し,グルコースが低下した.試算した甘味度積算値はみつ入り果がわずかに大きかった.官能評価の結果,'ふじ' のみつ入り果は全体的な香り,フルーティ,フローラル,スィートが顕著に強く,嗜好性も高かった.みつ入り果で特徴的に検出されたエチルエステル類等(特に2-メチル酪酸エチル,ヘキサン酸エチル,チグリン酸エチル,2-メチル酪酸メチル)は嗅覚による閾値が小さく,スィート·フローラルな,リンゴ·パイナップル様の香調を呈する.以上から,みつ入り果の嗜好性の高さは糖類よりもメチル·エチルエステル類を中心とした香気成分が強く寄与したものと示唆された.また,これらの成分はみつ部分における低酸素·高炭酸条件下の代謝により集積したものと推定した.

Abstract The natural 15N abundances (δ15N values) were measured for nitrate and free bound amino acids from the leaves of field-grown spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) komatsuna (Brassica campestris L.), as well ureides in roots hydroponically grown soybean (Glycine max totally depending on dinitrogen. Nitrate showed higher δ15N values than total tissue N or acid fractions. individual acids, determined by GC/C/MS using their acetylpropyl derivatives, similar leaf tissues except proline but...

Flavors of "Fuji" apple cultivated with or without synthetic agrochemicals were compared using quantitative descriptive analyses (QDA) and metabolite profiling for 3 seasons. Experimental plots included conventional crops (with agrochemicals) organic (without at our institute farms. Additionally, mass market samples analyzed. Organic apples weak in sweetness floral characteristics had enhanced green sour flavors. Most esters sugars present lower concentrations than apples. Close relation...

For quick, noninvasive, and high-sensitivity surface analysis of foods agricultural products, a touch sensor was developed applied to sheath-flow probe electrospray ionization/mass spectrometry (sfPESI/MS). Upon making contact with the sample, stopped by detecting current flowing through circuit analytes on sample were extracted in solvent preloaded plastic capillary. By lifting up default position, an ionization mass spectrum obtained. scanning stage using programming tool, point targeted...

Co-inoculation of soybeans with Bradyrhizobium and plant growth-promoting bacteria has displayed promise for enhancing growth, but concrete evidence its impact on soybean yields is limited. Therefore, this study assessed the comparative efficacy two 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase-producing Pseudomonas species (OFT2 OFT5) co-inoculated ottawaense (SG09) physiology, nodulation efficiency, grain yield three major Japanese cultivars: Enrei, Fukuyutaka, Satonohohoemi. The experiments...