The indirect defences of plants are comprised herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) that among other things attract the natural enemies insects. However, actual extent benefits HIPV emissions in complex co-evolved plant-herbivore systems is only poorly understood. observation a few Quercus robur L. trees constantly tolerated (T-oaks) infestation by major pest oaks (Tortrix viridana L.), compared with heavily defoliated (susceptible: S-oaks), lead us to combined biochemical and...

Complete Populus genome sequences are available for the nucleus (P. trichocarpa; section Tacamahaca) and chloroplasts (seven species), but not mitochondria. Here, we provide complete of chloroplast mitochondrion clones P. tremula W52 x alba 717-1B4 (section Populus). The organization genomes both is described. A phylogenetic tree constructed from all DNA was congruent with assignment related species to different sections. In total, 3,024 variable nucleotide positions were identified among...

To detect and avoid illegal logging of valuable tree species, identification methods for the origin timber are necessary. We used next-generation sequencing to identify chloroplast genome regions that differentiate white oaks from three continents; Asia, Europe, North America. By using Asian Q. mongolica as a reference, we identified 861 variant sites (672 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs); 189 insertion/deletion (indel) polymorphism) representative species continents (Q. Asia; petraea...

Summary Climate change is increasing insect pressure and forcing plants to adapt. Although chemotypic differentiation phenotypic plasticity in spatially separated tree populations are known for decades, understanding their importance herbivory resistance across forests remains challenging. We studied four oak forest stands Germany using nontarget metabolomics, elemental analysis, chemometrics mapped the leaf metabolome of herbivore‐resistant (T‐) herbivore‐susceptible (S‐) European oaks (...

The interaction between insect pests and their host plants is a never-ending race of evolutionary adaption. Plants have developed an armament against herbivore attacks, attackers continuously learn how to address it. Using combined transcriptomic metabolomic approach, we investigated the molecular biochemical differences Quercus robur L. trees that resisted (defined as resistant oak type) or were susceptible infestation by major pest, Tortrix viridana L.Next generation RNA sequencing...

RNA editing occurs in the endosymbiont organelles of higher plants as C-to-U conversions defined nucleotides. The availability large quantities sequencing data makes it possible to identify sites and quantify their extent. We have investigated 34 protein-coding mitochondrial transcripts four Populus species, a genus noteworthy for its remarkably small number compared other angiosperms. 27 these were subject at least one species. In total, 355 identified with high confidence, extents ranging...

In order to predict the future of European forests, it is crucial assess potential dominant perennial species adapt rapid climate change. The aim this study was reconstruct pattern distribution drought tolerance in Quercus robur current center species' range. and plasticity drought-related traits German populations Q. were assessed effects spring phenology demographic history on evaluated using a stress experiment common garden. We show that variation functional traits, including intrinsic...

Abstract Within the genus Populus several species belonging to different sections are cross‐compatible. Hence, high numbers of interspecies hybrids occur naturally and, additionally, have been artificially produced in huge breeding programmes during last 100 years. Therefore, determination a single poplar species, used for production ‘multi‐species hybrids’ is often difficult, and represents great challenge use molecular markers identification. this study, over 20 chloroplast regions, both...

Oak wood was highly appreciated and widely used for construction in past centuries. As population sizes expanded some regions of Europe, local forests were depleted high-quality timber. Therefore, soaring economies importing timber initially from the European market eventually other continents. Origin archaeological or historical is usually identified by means dendroprovenancing, i.e. statistical matching tree-ring-width (TRW) series unknown origin with TRW reference datasets. However, this...

As for most other temperate broadleaved tree species, large-scale genetic inventories of pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) have focused on the plastidial genome, which showed impact post-glacial recolonization and manmade seed transfer. However, how pollen mediated gene flow introgression impacted structure? To answer these questions, we did a inventory 1970 trees from 197 locations in 13 European countries. All samples were screened with targeted sequencing approach set 381 polymorphic...

Abstract DNA isolation is a fundamental technique for all molecular biology laboratories. Depending on the plant species, can be challenging. In particular, adapted protocols rarely exist tree species which are not used as standard model organisms. Here, we describe flexible protocol that works 59 in modular system. It based an ATMAB-containing extraction buffer to proteinase K and/or boric acid added, depending species. Subsequent purification steps include one or two precipitations with...

Quercus robur and Q. petraea are, in addition to Fagus sylvatica, the main economically used deciduous tree species Europe. Identification of these two is crucial because they differ their ecological demands. Because a changing climate, foresters must know more than ever which will perform better under given environmental conditions. The search for differentiating molecular markers between has already lasted decades. Until now, differentiation only been possible approaches with combination...

Abstract Plants harbour a wide range of leaf‐feeding insects whose survival and fitness are influenced by both energy‐rich molecules phytochemicals in the host foliage. Yet, how leaf chemical diversity insect microbiota—key factors ecological physiological processes—impact nutrition still poorly understood. To study effects metabolic composition on herbivory resistance performance, we fed larvae specialist Tortrix viridana with leaves susceptible resistant Quercus robur trees that...

Abstract Several poplar species within a section, but also between sections, are cross-compatible, thus high number of interspecies-hybrids occur naturally or have been artificially produced during the last 100 years. Very often, systematically kept records on production vegetative propagation hybrids and/or clones not available to date. Hence origin plant material used for generation is quite clear in many cases, making differentiation difficult task. Therefore, genetic markers needed...

European beech, Fagus sylvatica L., is one of the most important and widespread deciduous tree species in Central Europe widely managed for its hard wood. The complete DNA sequence mitochondrial genome L. was assembled annotated based on Illumina MiSeq reads validated using long from nanopore MinION sequencing. into a single 504,715 bp length containing 58 genes with predicted function, including 35 protein-coding, 20 tRNA three rRNA genes. Additionally, 23 putative protein-coding were...

OPINION article Front. For. Glob. Change, 05 July 2021Sec. Forest Ecophysiology https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2021.670797

We present a stepwise multidisciplinary approach combining woodworking expertise, dendrochronology, DNA genotyping and radiocarbon dating to determine when, where how historical wooden objects were made. The effective implementation of this is demonstrated with set stocks from the Rijksmuseum collections in Amsterdam (the Netherlands). In 2019, preceding an exhibition about slavery, made oak (Quercus sp.) donated Rijksmuseum. history object was unknown, devised date potential place its...

Background The genus Populus is one of the world’s most important tree genera. High growth rates, particularly some interspecies hybrids, and a broad range applicability from wood paper to energy production, led their widespread cultivation in Europe North America. For use SRCs (short rotation coppices), particular interspecies-hybrids are well suited because superior advanced resistance traits. However, hybrids often morphologically extreme variable can show either more criteria or other...