Smart contract, a term which was originally coined to refer the automation of legal contracts in general, has recently seen much interest due advent blockchain technology. Recently, is popularly used low-level code scripts running on platform. Our study focuses exclusively this subset smart contracts. Such have increasingly been gaining ground, finding numerous important applications (e.g., crowdfunding) real world. Despite increasing popularity, contract development still remains somewhat...

Developers build all the software artifacts in development. Existing work has studied social behavior repositories. In one of most important repositories, a bug repository, developers create and update reports to support development maintenance. However, no prior considered priorities this paper, we address problem developer prioritization, which aims rank contributions developers. We mainly explore two aspects, namely modeling prioritization repository assisting predictive tasks with our...

Bug reports play an important role in the process of debugging and fixing bugs. To reduce burden bug report managers facilitate fixing, a great amount software engineering research has been invested toward automated management techniques. However, verdict is still open whether such techniques are actually required applicable outside domain theoretical research. fill this gap, we conducted survey among 327 practitioners to gain their insights into various categories Specifically, asked...

Smart contract is a special program that manages digital assets on blockchain. It difficult to recover the loss if users make transactions through buggy smart contracts, which cannot be directly fixed. Hence, it important ensure correctness of contracts before deploying them. This paper proposes systematic framework mutation testing for Ethereum, currently most popular open blockchain and running contracts. Fifteen novel operators have been designed Ethereum Contracts (ESC), in terms...

Branching is often used to help developers work in parallel during distributed software development. Previous studies have examined branch usage practice. However, most perform analysis on industrial projects or only a small number of open source (OSS) systems. There are no broad examinations how branches across OSS communities. Due the rapidly increasing popularity collaboration projects, it important gain insights into practice these In this paper, we performed an empirical study for 2,923...

Bug fixing is one of the most important activities in software development and maintenance. A project often employs an issue tracking system such as Bugzilla to store manage their bugs. In system, many bugs are invalid but take unnecessary efforts identify them. this paper, we mainly focus on bug rate, i.e., The proportion fixed reported closed particular, study characteristics rate investigate impact a reporter's different contribution behaviors rate. We perform empirical all two large open...

Human factors have attracted more and attention in software engineering. Of many kinds of developer metrics proposed, quality is important. Recently, some researchers measure a developer's as the rate his/hernon bug-introducing commits. In this paper, we conduct an empirical study metric. We use data six open source projects get following conclusions: (1) values project are uniformly distributed certain range, (2) tends to increase with evolution, (3) developers contribution likely higher...

The ellipsis of the syntactic structure is a common phenomenon in ordinary textual documents. Existing studies have found that despite could help avoid repetition normative documents, it also, for example, lead to ambiguity and hamper understandability document contents. As fundamental component software, code comments are generally written by developers non-structured way just like This naturally inspires us explore whether also what potential negative effects would such on software tasks...

With the wide-spread use of Android applications in people's daily life, it becomes more and important to timely identify security problems these applications. To enrich existing studies guarding privacy applications, we attempted predict risk levels Specifically, proposed an approach that incorporated code smells into traditional Java metrics how secure application is. evaluation our technique on 3,680 found that: (1) could help improve performance prediction applications; (2) By building a...

As a fundamental component of software documentation, code comments could help developers comprehend and maintain programs. Several datasets method header have been proposed in previous studies for machine learning-based comment generation. part comments, inline are also crucial understanding activities. However, unlike written standard format describing the whole code, often arbitrary formats by due to timelines pressures different aspects snippets described. Currently, there is no...

Bug triage is an important step in the process of bug fixing. The goal to assign a new-coming correct potential developer. existing approaches are based on machine learning algorithms, which build classifiers from training sets reports. In practice, these suffer large-scale and low-quality sets. this paper, we propose set reduction with both feature selection instance techniques for triage. We combine improve accuracy algorithm, algorithm Iterative Case Filter, their combinations studied...

Software companies spend over 45 percent of cost in dealing with software bugs. An inevitable step fixing bugs is bug triage, which aims to correctly assign a developer new bug. To decrease the time manual work, text classification techniques are applied conduct automatic triage. In this paper, we address problem data reduction for i.e., how reduce scale and improve quality data. We combine instance selection feature simultaneously on dimension word dimension. determine order applying...

Static bug localization techniques that locate bugs at method granularity have gained much attention from both researchers and practitioners. For a static method-level technique, key but challenging step is to fully retrieve the semantics of methods reports. Currently, existing studies mainly use same bag-of-word space represent reports without considering structure information textual contexts reports, which largely negatively affects performance. To address this problem, we develop BLESER,...

Identifiers play an important role in helping developers comprehend and maintain source code. In practice, usually employ two widely-used identifier styles, i.e., snake case camel case, to format identifiers make them understandable informative. Despite researchers have empirically investigated the impacts of styles on code comprehension activities, usage evolution however, not been fully explored. How are individual formed practice? would change evolve? What potential style-changes?...

During the process of software development and maintenance, developers would regularly refactor existing source code to improve efficiency maintainability. Among various refactoring activities, method renaming often happens within whole project evolution process. To perform renaming, should first identify exact methods that be renamed, which is generally tedious error-prone through manual analysis. Towards this end, researchers have proposed some approaches automatically recommend candidate...

Developers build all the software artifacts in development. Existing work has studied social behavior repositories. In one of most important repositories, a bug repository, developers create and update reports to support development maintenance. However, no prior considered priorities this paper, we address problem developer prioritization, which aims rank contributions developers. We mainly explore two aspects, namely modeling prioritization repository assisting predictive tasks with our...