The rust fungus Puccinia komarovii var. glanduliferae was first identified infecting Impatiens glandulifera in its native range (western Himalayas) between 2006 and 2010. Subsequently, it imported into quarantine the UK for evaluation as a classical biocontrol agent. To assess safety of rust, plant species relevant to Europe were tested susceptibility. confirm life cycle, all infective spore stages inoculated on I. follow disease progression. Teliospores primed using bleaching low...

Abstract We differentiate between the success of a classical biological control programme and its impact; former addressing completed implementation steps programme, anticipated reduction target pest, latter societal environmental benefits pest. provide ten case studies in which CABI has played role to illustrate aspects impact for programmes against insects pests weeds: cassava mealybug ( Phenacoccus manihoti ), mango Rastrococcus invadens pink hibiscus Maconellicoccus hirsutus orthezia bug...

Summary In 2014, the rust fungus Puccinia komarovii var. glanduliferae , native to foothills of Himalayas from Kashmir Western Nepal, became first fungal agent be released into Europe for classical biological control a non‐native weed. The target, Impatiens glandulifera or Himalayan balsam, is prolific invader riparian habitats in and North America. During period 2015–2018, strain India was at total 36 sites, 17 counties England Wales. There limited field infection 2015 inoculation...

Matrix-assisted laser-desorption and ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry prepares proteins intact in the gas phase with predominantly a single positive charge. The times-of-flight of charged along tube held at high vacuum after acceleration an electrical field are proportional to square root mass-over-charge ratios for proteins, thereby allowing spectrum be generated, which can then used characterize or identify protein-containing sample. Several sample-preparation methods currently...

Matrix-assisted laser-desorption and ionisation time-of-flight mass spectroscopy (MALDI-TOF MS) is a powerful tool for the characterisation and/or identification of protein-containing samples. Several MALDI-TOF MS sample-preparation methods are currently available but few these well suited to analysis plant material. We have recently developed simple, rapid, relatively-cheap method that applicable material (in addition microbial insect material), our aim in this study was distinguish between...

We have recently developed a simple, rapid, and relatively-cheap method for matrix-assisted laser-desorption ionisation time-of-flight mass spectroscopy (MALDI-TOF MS) sample preparation that is applicable to plant material (in addition microbial insect material), used this discriminate between closely-related Impatiens species regional biotypes of the invasive weed glandulifera (commonly known as Himalayan balsam) using leaf samples. In current paper, we complementary MALDI-TOF MS-based use...

Impatiens glandulifera, or Himalayan balsam, is a prolific invader of riverine habitats. Introduced from the Himalayas for ornamental purposes in 1839, this annual species has naturalised across Great Britain (GB) forming dense monocultures with negative affects whole ecosystems. In 2006 programme exploring biocontrol as an alternative control method was initiated and to date, two strains rust fungus Puccinia komarovii var. glanduliferae have been released. To better understand observed...

Impatiens glandulifera or Himalayan balsam (HB), is an invasive alien weed throughout the British Isles (BI). Classical biological control of HB in BI using a rust fungus from native range was implemented 2014. However, not all populations are susceptible to two strains currently released. Additional needed that infect resistant order achieve successful control. These best sourced historical collecting sites. A molecular analysis conducted six chloroplast DNA sequences leaf material across...

Himalayan balsam (Impatiens glandulifera) is one of the most prolific non-native species in Europe. Since 2014, highly-specific rust fungus, Puccinia komarovii var. glanduliferae, has been released into Great Britain as a classical biological control agent for this invasive weed. Prior to its release, research focused on ensuring safety pathogen, elucidating life cycle and verifying host-specificity. However, limited studies were conducted determine likely impact host. Due difficulties...

Abstract Matrix-assisted laser-desorption and ionization time-of-flight mass spectroscopy (MALDI-TOF MS) is commonly used for the characterization of protein-containing biological samples. For this, we have previously developed sample-preparation methods that can be discrimination between Impatiens species also regional biotypes Himalayan balsam (Impatiens glandulifera), initially using leaf samples and, more recently, seed material. In current article, a further MALDI-TOF MS-based method...

Cat's claw (Dolichandra unguis-cati; Bignoniaceae) is a perennial climbing plant, native to the Neotropics which, when introduced as an ornamental other countries, has become invasive forest weed. The potential for biological control of D. unguis-cati being evaluated, with attention given fungal agents in its range (Silva et al., 3; Colmán, 1) and recently described cercosporoid fungus, Cercosporella dolichandrae, South Africa (RSA) attracted (Crous 2014). Silva al. (3) found leaf spots on...

Abstract Cat's claw creeper ( Dolichandra unguis‐cati ), native to tropical South America, is a major invasive species and target for biological control in Australia, Africa some Pacific Island countries. Native range surveys Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay Venezuela have identified eight insects four fungal pathogens as potential agents. Five leaf‐feeding tortoise beetle Charidotis auroguttata , two tingids Carvalhotingis visenda C. hollandi leaf‐tying moth Hypocosmia pyrochroma leaf‐mining...

Two sera demonstrated non-HLA lymphocytotoxicity on the basis of reactivity with cells siblings genotypically identical to serum donors for major histocompatibility complex. These two sera, B1 and Caf, once contaminating HLA antibodies were removed by absorption pooled platelets, allogeneic that was restricted T lymphocytes. Reactivity absorbed segregated independently complex in 3 12 families tested. Unlike both cold lymphotoxins antibodies, showed little temperature sensitivity against...

Impatiens parviflora, commonly known as small balsam, is an invasive plant native to the mountains of central Asia. Intentionally introduced through botanical curiosity, this has spread rapidly throughout Europe where it naturalised and can form dense stands in forests forest edges. On 4 September 2013, uredinia telia rust fungus Puccinia komarovii were identified on abaxial leaf surface I. parviflora (Balsaminaceae) at Northchurch Common, Hertfordshire, UK (51.788326, -0.596067) (Fig. 1)....

Cryptostegia grandiflora and C. madagascariensis (Apocynaceae) are the only two species of this Madagascan plant genus. Both have been transported around world as ornamentals due to their attractive flowers based on a perceived potential sources rubber – hence, common name vine because copious latex, which also contains toxic cardiac glycosides. As result vigorous growth ability climb over smother vegetation, both become invasive, posing an actual or threat native ecosystems in many tropical...