In this article we evaluate the effects of introduction group monetary incentives for teachers, based on a school performance tournament in Chile. This is particularly relevant to analyze since it only scaled-up incentive program teachers world. We effect, that is, effect introducing scheme all participant schools, both winning and losing. compare public private subsidized schools fee-paying following matched difference using three different empirical approaches. explore heterogeneous impact...

This paper estimates the effect of early exposure to toxic waste on academic achievement. We analyze longitudinal information from individuals attending primary and secondary schools in Arica (northern Chile). Between 1984 1989, city received more than 20,000 tons chemicals containing high concentrations lead, arsenic, mercury. implement difference-in-differences reduced-form models document robust relationships between residential school proximity polluted area performance. find that a 1...

This article studies a change in paid maternity leave entitlements Chile. We exploit reform that increased from 12 to 24 weeks for mothers of children born on 25 July 2011 or later. estimate the effects exposure different and maternal outcomes finding significant positive children's cognitive abilities, especially those with less educated mothers. There is an increase probability breastfeeding at least six months durations. Maternal stress exhibits reduction there employment exposed after leave.

We estimate the effects of part-time work on job and life satisfaction using new data for Chile. While is being promoted to increase female labour participation in many countries, there are concerns about its quality overall effect well-being such policies. models addressing endogeneity selectivity bias. found that has a negative men; however, when looking at just women, reversed. This should be considered designing public policies oriented increasing through work.

This paper proposes a novel matching estimator where neighbors used and weights are endogenously determined by optimizing covariate balancing criterion. The is based on finding, for each unit that needs to be matched, sets of observations such convex combination them has the same values as needing or with minimized distance between them. We implement proposed data from National Supported Work Demonstration, finding outstanding performance in terms balance. Monte Carlo evidence shows our...

This paper analyzes Chile's drunk driving laws and their effects on car crashes, injuries, deaths. There were two policy changes. While the 2012 law increased license suspension penalties decreased legal blood alcohol limits for drivers, 2014 only sanctions, including at least one year of actual imprisonment implicated in crashes with severe injury or death. We use a rich data set countrywide administrative records that permit us to identify direct measures alcohol-related accidents,...

The relationship between exogenous circumstances faced in early childhood (opportunities) and earnings has been increasingly studied the past decade. In this article we assess sensitivity of to different income measures. Typically empirical evidence is based on short‐term measures that suffer from variability measurement error. Using longitudinal data Chile, find when four‐ seven‐year are used, inequality opportunity significantly higher than obtained with yearly Monte Carlo simulations...

In this paper, I present a general modeling framework for nonparametric models with endogenous regressors and heterogeneity. show that many existing in the literature can be derived from structural equation unobserved heterogeneity by imposing constancy assumptions on first second derivatives. consider less restrictive model imposes partial derivative of equation. Assuming existence suitable instrumental variables, provide identification results estimated using generalized control function...

In this paper we measure the evolution of inequality opportunity in Chile. These measures assess how unequal distribution socioeconomic outcomes is, based on exogenous circumstances. The results show a reduction from 1990 to 2006. gains are two classes. First, social service coverage has increased substantially, leading general improvement opportunities. Second, gaps access probabilities among population subgroups have been reduced, making playing field more balanced. should be interpreted...

Abstract This paper studies the effects of peers on adoption a Youth Employment Subsidy in Chile since its inception. We examine that former classmates' and coworkers' have one's adoption. Identification comes from discontinuities assignment rule allow us to construct valid instrumental variables for peers' Using comprehensive set administrative records, we find classmates especially coworkers play significant roles subsidy. Peer are determined during early stages program's implementation...