It is generally accepted that emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) increase as the volume fraction biodiesel increases in blends with conventional diesel fuel. While many mechanisms based on effects in- cylinder processes have been proposed to explain this observation, a clear understanding relative importance each has remained elusive. To gain further insight into cause(s) NOx increase, experiments were conducted single- version heavy-duty engine extensive optical access combustion chamber....

Airborne respiratory diseases such as COVID-19 pose significant challenges to public transportation. Several recent outbreaks of SARS-CoV-2 indicate the high risk transmission among passengers on buses if special precautions are not taken. This study presents a combined experimental and numerical analysis identify mechanisms an urban bus assess strategies reduce risk. The effects ventilation air-conditioning systems, opening windows doors, wearing masks analyzed. Specific attention is paid...

In this paper, we examine the interaction between bulk modulus of compressibility various fuel samples and its effect on injection timing. The fuels considered range from soy oil-derived biodiesel, unrefined soybean oil, paraffinic solvents to ultralow-sulfur conventional diesel fuels. Both impact timing variation in are measured. present work confirms that higher vegetable oils their methyl esters leads advanced with in-line pump−line−nozzle systems. This has been shown literature...

A critical requirement for the implementation of diesel particulate filters on diesel-powered vehicles is having a low “break-even temperature” (BET), which defined as temperature at deposition filter balanced by oxidation filter. This balance point needs to occur sufficiently temperatures, either fit within exhaust range typical duty cycle vehicle or require minimum active regeneration. Catalytic coating filter, use fuel-borne catalyst, and catalysts placed upstream can all reduce BET....

This study explores the diesel injection and combustion processes in an effort to better understand differences NOx emissions between biodiesel, Fischer−Tropsch (FT) diesel, their blends with a conventional fuel. Emissions studies were performed each fuel at variety of static timing conditions single-cylinder DI engine mechanically controlled, in-line, pump-line-nozzle system. The dynamic start (SOI) correlated well bulk modulus measurements made on blends. high soy-derived biodiesel...

The impact of biodiesel on NOx emissions was investigated in a 2.5 L common rail direct injection diesel engine under both low load and high conditions with different fuel strategies. Three fuels were used this study, an ultralow sulfur (BP15), blend 20 vol % BP15 (B20), 40 (B40). Fuel timings held the same for blends baseline to eliminate potential timing differences due heating values. According needle lift profiles obtained from sensor, no measurable observed between fuel. Biodiesel found...

Soot crystalline structure was evaluated for four soot samples and one carbon black using Raman parameters obtained from first-order spectra. For this work, different numbers of peaks three to as many five curves with combined Lorentzian Gaussian bands were fitted the spectra, compared oxidative reactivity, in order investigate correlation between reactivity each curve-fitting method. Among these methods, combination Lorentzian-shaped at about 1200 (D4), 1360 (D1), 1580 cm–1 (G),...

Abstract In this work, fuel formulation exerted a strong influence on the properties of diesel particulates leading to differences in oxidation rate. These were especially significant when comparing soot derived from combustion soybean oil-derived biodiesel (B100) and obtained Fischer–Tropsch (FT). 2 fuels mainly differ oxygen content. Although B100 possesses an initially ordered structure, it is 5 times more oxidatively reactive than FT soot. While initial structure alone does not dictate...

In previous studies on a single-cylinder IDI diesel engine and V-8 DI turbo engine, significant reductions in particulate matter emissions were observed with the blends of glycol ethers fuel. this study, experiments effects oxygenated fuels combustion performed 4-cylinder TDI engine. A blend 20 wt % monoglyme 80 diglyme, referred to as CETANER, has been examined reformulating agent. Blend ratios considered provide approximately 2, 4, 6 oxygen low-sulfur Gaseous emission measurements, well...