Planned retreat is an increasingly common climate adaptation approach. Whilst effective at reducing exposure to unacceptable risks, it subject significant resistance. In response, research has focussed on risk, governance and justice, but there been less attention spatial perspectives, including how spaces are reconfigured the resultant land-seascape legacies. We identify 161 cases of planned develop a typology analyse land use change in origin sites worldwide. many cases, we find transfer...

This paper analyses regulatory responses to rapid intensification of the use drones/remotely piloted aircraft (RPA) in context wildlife protection. Benefits and disadvantages technology are examined, before three key limitations policy law identified: failure address disturbance RPA regulation; reliance upon insufficiently comprehensive existing protection legislation manage effects; limited species-specific research on disturbance. A New Zealand case study further reveals an inconsistent...

Terrestrial sources of marine debris on beaches are substantial, increasing, and primarily a result mismanaged waste land. The scale, source, composition beached in New Zealand was determined by surveying 41 beaches, with triplicate belt transects, across the North South Islands. Results demonstrated significant spatial variance, Island showing significantly higher mean density than more populated count as well weight. majority all anthropogenic detected plastic arrived through water....

Policy support for urban agriculture (UA) has increased internationally in the past decade, driven by factors such as decay, food insecurity, climate change and disasters, self-determination efforts Covid-19 pandemic. To date, there been little analysis of emergent practices across different cities Aotearoa New Zealand. address this gap, we examine key aspects UA assess application local plans regulation to determine how is defined treated four most populous cities. The results reveal a lack...

Human disturbance of wildlife is an under‐recognised and under‐regulated problem. This article discusses traditional approaches to conservation management in protecting from the context New Zealand coastal environment threatened birds. Limitations challenges are identified alternative actions proposed. The key problems deficiencies regulation species disturbance, lack definition thresholds harm that contemplate rarity status, insufficient comprehensive planning need for innovative methods...

Despite proliferation of law and policy directed at halting global biodiversity decline, it is a common concern that decline continues. Using case study six New Zealand birds, this article demonstrates reasons for the reduced effect in context three international agreements: Convention on Wetlands International Importance; Biological Diversity; Migratory Species Wild Animals. The concludes agreements are deficient terms obligation consistency, these deficiencies compounded by insufficient...

Human use and development reshapes land, reconstitutes water, consumes space natural resources alters faunal compositions. This presents significant challenges to policy makers wildlife conservation managers mandated maintain enhance biological diversity. In New Zealand a sizeable public estate (approximately one third of the land area) buffers these inroads; however, limitations in terms representativeness extent estate.

Abstract: The focus of this article is on examining how resource management plans prepared under the Resource Management Act 1991 can be used to control effects activities for purpose preserving integrity an organic farm. examines that potentially threaten farm and identifies methods could employed in a District or Regional Plan avoid mitigate those effects. It concludes use represents substantial opportunity secure position New Zealand.