Kratom (Mitragynia speciosa korth) is recognized increasingly as a remedy for opioid withdrawal by individuals who self-treat chronic pain.A patient had abruptly ceased injection hydromorphone abuse self-managed and pain using kratom. After co-administering the herb with modafinil he experienced tonic-clonic seizure, but reported only modest abstinence once kratom administration stopped. We confirmed identity of plant matter ingested identified no contaminants or adulterants. also conducted...

<h3>Background</h3> In melanoma patients who progress after prior ipilimumab/nivolumab (ipi/nivo) combination immunotherapy, there is no information regarding the risks and benefits of reinduction ipi/nivo. <h3>Methods</h3> This was a retrospective review 26 treated at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) since 2012 received ipi/nivo least 6 months following completion an initial course We collected data on demographics, genetics, immune-related adverse events (irAEs), best overall...

In field studies assessing cognitive function in illicit ecstasy users, there are several frequent confounding factors that might plausibly bias the findings toward an overestimate of ecstasy-induced neurocognitive toxicity. We designed investigation seeking to minimize these possible sources bias.We compared users and non-users while (1) excluding individuals with significant life-time exposure other drugs or alcohol; (2) requiring all participants be members 'rave' subculture; (3) testing...

Cluster headache (CH) is a stereotyped primary characterized by strictly unilateral severe orbital or periorbital pain and categorized as either episodic chronic (1,2). Its prevalence 0.1% (3). Oxygen sumatriptan are the treatments of choice for individual attacks, whereas verapamil, lithium, corticosteroids other neuromodulators can suppress attacks during cluster periods (1). All standard medication may be ineffective. Surgical treatment an option non-responders, including deep brain (4)...

Background: Preliminary studies show psychedelic compounds administered with psychotherapy are potentially effective and durable substance misuse interventions. However, little is known about the association between use in general population. This study investigated past year opioid disorders within illicit users. Methods: While controlling for socio-demographic covariates of other substances, relationship classic was analyzed 44,000 users who completed National Survey on Drug Use Health...

OBJECTIVE: The illicit use of hallucinogens is reemerging in the United States, especially among well-educated adults and teenagers. These same groups are also frequent users Internet. authors sought to characterize extent information about available Internet users. METHOD: Using standard search techniques, located 81 hallucinogen-related sites categorized provided. RESULTS: offer thousands pages information—albeit questionable accuracy—on how obtain, synthesize, extract, identify, ingest...

Research has identified misleading and stigmatizing popular beliefs about schizophrenia, but little is known media images corresponding to these beliefs. Building on Susan Sontag's exploration of cancer in the 1978 book Illness as Metaphor, authors hypothesize that "schizophrenia" now more commonly misused. A total 1740 newspaper articles from 1996 or 1997 mentioned schizophrenia were randomly selected then coded for contextual metaphorical use. Only 1 percent used illness a way, compared...

AbstractResearch into treating drug dependence with hallucinogens, although promising, ended questions still unanswered because of varying, in some cases skeptical, methodology and insufficient adherence to a double-blind, placebo-controlled design. Interest is again emerging, especially the recent patenting United States ibogaine for its apparent anti-craving properties. A review literature shows that these properties may be present across entire family hallucinogens. Potential efficacy...

Psychosis in Alzheimer's disease (AD) represents a distinct subtype with more rapid progression of illness evidenced by an increased velocity cognitive decline and hastened mortality. Previous biomarker post-mortem studies have implicated tau neuropathology as possible mediator the accelerated AD psychosis. Tau positron emission tomography (PET) neuroimaging provides opportunity to evaluate pathology in-vivo, so that clinical symptomatology can be correlated pathology. [18F]-AV1451...

Cocaine abuse is associated with increased rates of infections, including human immunodeficiency virus, and cocaine has immunomodulatory effects in experimental animal cellular models. When challenged by antigens, tissues release cytokine polypeptides that signal a complex balance humoral immune responses. Placement indwelling venous catheters also leads to surrounding tissue inflammation, mediated partially local production the proinflammatory cytokine, IL-6. Thus, catheter placement...