Abstract TGF-β plays an important role in the progression of prostate cancer. It exhibits both tumor suppressor and tumor-promoting activities. Correlations between cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 overexpression enhanced production prostaglandin (PG)E2 have been implicated cancer progression; however, there are no studies indicating that effects cells involve PGE2 synthesis. In this study, we investigated regulation COX-1 COX-2 expression whether on cell proliferation migration mediated by PGE2....

BACKGROUND Activator Protein‐1 (AP‐1) family (cJun, JunB, JunD, cFos, FosB, Fra1, and Fra2) plays a central role in the transcriptional regulation of many genes that are associated with cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, metastasis, survival. Many oncogenic signaling pathways converge at AP‐1 transcription complex. Transforming growth factor beta (TGF‐β) is multifunctional regulatory cytokine regulates aspects cellular function, including apoptosis, adhesion, angiogenesis,...

Homogenates of whole testis, isolated seminiferous tubules, testicular cytosol, conditioned media from tubules obtained intact or cryptorchid rats, as well devoid peritubular cells, showed high concentrations interleukin‐1 (IL‐1). Cytosol spleen low IL‐1 activity, while no activity was found in cytosol heart, kidney, prostate, ovary liver. Interleukin‐1 not detected spent medium cultures immature Sertoli cells (10‐day‐old rats) homogenates interstitial adult rats. Ultrogel AcA 44 gel...

Summary We have recently isolated an interleukin‐1 (IL‐1)‐like factor from the rat testis, which originates seminiferous tubules and is a protein with MW of 17 000 PI 5–6. This paper reports on appearance IL‐1‐like during postnatal development investigates its cellular origin further. IL‐1 activity was measured by murine thymocyte proliferation assay. Very low present in culture medium conditioned rats aged 10 or 20 days. From 30 days age, increasing amounts were detected, reaching maximum...

Puberty in the male is dependent upon elevated production of testosterone by Leydig cells. LH affects this increase output increasing total number cells testis and stimulating steroidogenic pathway these Since cell proliferation a prerequisite for onset puberty, we have examined ability growth factors known to be present promote DNA synthesis. were isolated from 21-day-old rats, cultured serum-free medium 48 h become quiescent, then treated with 18 h. [3H]Thymidine incorporation into was...

This study investigated the roles of protein kinase C (PKC) and A (PKA) pathways in regulating constitutive steroidogenesis steroidogenic acute regulatory (STAR; herein designated by its common name, StAR) R2C Leydig tumor cells. Inhibition PKC phospholipase resulted significant decreases steroid production, phosphorylation cAMP-responsive element binding (CREB) protein, Star gene transcription under basal conditions These observations were corroborated MA-10 mLTC-1 cell lines, which...

Diverse cellular processes relevant to cancer progression are regulated by the acetylation status of proteins. Among such is chromatin remodeling via histone proteins, controlled opposing deacetylase (HDAC) and acetyltransferase (HAT) enzymes. Histone inhibitors (HDACi) show great promise in preclinical models, but clinical trials treating solid tumors have failed improve patient survival. This due part an inability HDACi effectively accumulate cancerous cells. To address this problem we...

Metastatic prostate cancer occurs when the tumor spreads from gland to other parts of body. Previous studies have shown that Gαi2, a subunit heterotrimeric G protein complex, plays critical role in inducing cell migration and invasion cells response diverse stimuli. Rac1 is small rho-GTPase, which activated by phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway an essential during migration. knockdown Gαi2 attenuates without causing any reduction basal activity both PC3 DU145 cells, has only...

The number of interstitial macrophages in the testis fluctuates according to age, increasing gradually during prepubertal development reach 15-20% compartment adult rat. These are close morphological association with Leydig cells. Macrophage products, interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor alpha stimulate and/or inhibit steroid production cultures We have studied effects macrophage products on DNA synthesis rat cells investigate a possible paracrine role testicular proliferation...

Nodal, a TGFβ like growth factor, functions as an embryonic morphogen that maintains the pluripotency of stem cells. Nodal has been implicated in cancer progression; however, there is no information on expression and prostate cancer. In this study, we have investigated its receptors, effects proliferation migration human cells.RT-PCR, qPCR, Western blot analyses were performed to analyze receptors phosphorylation Smad2/3 The determined by (3) H-Thymidine incorporation cell assays presence or...

Leydig cells are located in the interstitium of testis and function as primary site for testosterone biosynthesis. cell development steroidogenic dependent upon pituitary-derived LH. Circulating LH levels prepubertal mammals low but rise sharply during puberty, inducing terminal differentiation immature into adult cells. The molecular mechanisms involved action on specific gene expression initiation poorly understood. Members CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) family basic region/leucine...

FSH and IGF-I are both important determinants of testicular development Sertoli cell function. The present studies were performed to determine the actions on PI3K/AKT protein kinase signaling in immature rat cells. Primary cultures cells prepared from 10-d-old rats. After 7 d culture, treated with IGF-I, FSH, or plus FSH. In some experiments 8-bromo-cAMP (40 μm), (Bu)2cAMP forskolin (10 μm). treatments, lysates prepared, activation state AKT cAMP response element-binding (CREB) was...

Postnatal development and function of testicular Sertoli cells are regulated primarily by FSH. During this early period development, estrogens play a role in proliferation somatic cells, which contributes significantly to development. Growth factors like epidermal growth factor (EGF) produced the testis regulation estradiol production male fertility. Although these divergent modulate gonadal function, little is known about their mechanism action cells. The present study investigates...

Effects of pure human follicle-stimulating hormone (hFSH) and ovine luteinizing (oLH) on testicular function were investigated in long-term hypophysectomized or photoinhibited Djungarian hamsters. hFSH (5 IU) oLH micrograms) a combination FSH LH IU 5 micrograms, respectively) injected s.c. twice daily for 7 days to Other hamsters treated 14 21 with (3 3 similar way. alone had little, if any, effect weights; FSH, when (FSH/LH), caused significant increase testes weights at each time point. On...

Expression of genes that encode oxytocin (OXT) and vasopressin (AVP) their cognate receptors in normal diseased prostates are only partially characterized. Reverse transcription PCR were used to examine the expression these prostate epithelial stromal cell lines, k-ras-transformed four cancer lines. Secreted cell-associated OXT peptide was measured by an enzyme immunoassay. its receptor (OXTR) expressed all eight Cell-associated also found lines except DU145 cells. Neither AVP nor (V1a V2...

Hypoxia and transforming growth factor-b1 (TGF-b1) increase vascular endothelial factor A (VEGFA) expression in a number of malignancies.This effect hypoxia TGF-b1 might be responsible for tumor progression metastasis advanced prostate cancer.In the present study, was shown to induce VEGFA 165 secretion from both normal cell lines (HPV7 RWPE1) cancer (DU145 PC3).Conversely, hypoxia-stimulated observed only lines.Hypoxia induced PC3 cells, TGF-b type I receptor (ALK5) kinase inhibitor...

Prenatal and neonatal exposure to natural synthetic estrogens induces developmental abnormalities in the male female reproductive systems several species. In hamsters, a single injection of diethylstilbestrol (DES) on day birth teratogenic neoplastic changes throughout tract, apparently via direct mechanism. The present study investigated extent specificity this phenomenon system. Male golden hamsters received injections DES or estradiol-17β (E2; 100 microg/ animal) were then killed at 42...