This paper presents an innovative approach for automatic generation control power system under a deregulated setting. The main objective of this work is to optimally tune the parameters fractional-order controller using newly developed Aquila Optimizer (AO) enhance performance. A test comprising thermal plant, hydroelectric system, gas turbine-based and wind energy sources examined environment. study emphasizes minimization frequency variations, tie line deviations, area errors during...

The Internet of Things (IoT) plays a vital role in interconnecting physical and virtual objects that are embedded with sensors, software, other technologies intending to connect exchange data devices systems around the globe over Internet. With multitude features offer, IoT is boon mankind, but just as two sides coin, technology, its lack securing information, may result big bane. It estimated by year 2030, there will be nearly 25.44 billion connected worldwide. Due unprecedented growth,...

The automatic load frequency control for multi-area power systems has been a challenging task system engineers. complexity of this further increases with the incorporation multiple sources generation. For multi-source system, paper presents new heuristic-based hybrid optimization technique to achieve objective control. In particular, proposed regulates deviation and tie-line in system. uses main features three different techniques, namely, Firefly Algorithm (FA), Particle Swarm Optimization...

A terahertz metamaterial absorber, capable of detecting cancerous cells, is proposed in this letter. The design consists several merged circular ring resonators over a gallium arsenide substrate. It achieves an absorption 99% at 3.71 THz and high quality factor ( <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Q</i> -factor) 92.75. resonance frequency shifts with alterations the refractive index encompassing medium, which used to detect...

The conventional electrical grid is undergoing substantial growth for reliable operation and more efficient sustainable energy use. traditional now metamorphosing into a smart (SG) that incorporates diverse, heterogeneous blend of operating measures such as appliances, meters, renewable resources. With better results dependability, the SG can be described modern electric power architecture. one greatest potential advances promising solution crisis. However, it complex its decentralization...

Abstract Real time monitoring and control of a modern power system has achieved significant development since the incorporation phasor measurement unit (PMU). Due to time-synchronized capabilities, PMU increased situational awareness (SA) in wide area (WAMS). Operator SA depends on data pertaining real-time health grid. This is measured by PMUs accessible for analytics at station referred as concentrator (PDC). Availability communication delay are two decisive factors governing operator SA....

The load frequency control (LFC) and tie-line power are the key deciding factors to evaluate performance of a multiarea system. In this paper, analysis two-area system is presented. This based on two metrics: LFC power. consists thermal plant generation hydro evaluated by designing proportional plus integral (PI) controller. hybrid gravitational search with firefly algorithm (hGFA) has been devised achieve proper tuning controller parameter. designed involves time absolute error (ITAE) as an...

Metamaterial absorbers, on account of their inherent property electromagnetic radiation absorption, have become a center attraction for many researchers in recent times. This paper proposes unique design terahertz metamaterial absorber that can be used to sense biomedical samples. The proposed consists two identical circular ring resonators (CRRs) made aluminum top gallium arsenide (GaAs) substrate. On its high field confinement the sensing regime, near-to-perfect absorption rate 99.50% is...

Renewable energy-based hybrid power systems are being increasingly deployed across the globe to reduce carbon emissions. The system frequency and tie-line tend fluctuate due operating conditions. These fluctuations can be maintained within desired limits using optimally designed controllers. In this article, recently developed improved squirrel search algorithm (ISSA) is used tune parameters of different controllers, such as proportional-integral-differential (PID), two degrees freedom PID...

Metamaterial absorbers are used in the terahertz frequency regime as photo-detectors, sensing elements, imaging applications, etc. Narrowband absorbers, on account of their ultra-slender bandwidth within spectrum, show a significant shift absorption peak when an extrinsic entity relative to absorber, like refractive index or temperature encircling medium, is altered. This property paves path for narrowband be potential sensors detect any alterations medium. In this paper, novel design...

Underwater wireless sensor network (UWSN) is a pervasive technology with different characteristics and requirements, where energy conservation stringent requirement. Improving the lifetime can have tremendous practical utility in these networks. The of nodes be conserved by devising an efficient cluster head selection mechanism. This paper presents novel energy-efficient clustering protocol (EECP) for UWSN. proposed segregates based on horizontal clustering. In every iteration, heads are...

In the contemporary global context, excessive fossil fuel consumption remains a critical issue, particularly within transportation sector. Electric vehicles offer promising alternative due to their durability and reduced greenhouse gas emissions. However, rapid adoption has introduced significant challenges, including increased network power losses, deteriorating voltage profiles, declining substation factors. This study proposes an approach that integrates fuzzy objective optimization with...

This paper investigates the application of Neural Network Backstepping Control (NN-BSC) for enhancing rotational speed control Oscillating Water Column (OWC) wave energy systems. Traditional methods face limitations when dealing with nonlinearities, irregular conditions, and actuator disturbances. To address these challenges, this research introduces a Chebyshev NN within BSC framework, leveraging its high approximation accuracy computational efficiency. The design NN-BSC involves estimating...

DevOps is a potential solution to time and quality restrictions in software development. It aims increase the frequency, quality, speed of delivery using automated procedures. culture transformation, not just toolchain. emphasizes cooperation, automation, measurement, information sharing, web service utilization. positively impacts IT development, online services, assurance. Before commencing journey, it necessary understand principles, practices, tools, benefits, underlying issues. Such...

This research introduces a novel design of metamaterial absorber having the range in terahertz, capable sensing changes refractive index encircling medium.The layout includes adjoining rectangular patches form plus symbol along with four circular patch resonators (CPRs) on pinnacle Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) substrate.The proposed comes up three consecutive absorption peaks, an absorptivity 99.0%, 99.75%, and 98.0% at different resonant frequencies 2.36 THz, 2.675 2.97 respectively, Full Width...

In a distributed storage system (DSS), high data reliability is obtained by dispersing the over number of nodes network. an (n, k) erasure code based DSS, file first divided into k packets and then these are encoded n using MDS code, finally so that each node stores one packet. A fixed value provides certain level (an DSS can tolerate - failures) costs space. Considering cost required reliability, we might require to change existing (n', k') DSS. However, for converting naive way would be...

Abstract Drinking water is the most precious resource on Earth. In past few decades, quality of drinking has significantly degraded due to pollution. Water assessment paramount for well-being people since presence pollutants can have serious health issues. Particularly, in developing countries such as India, not properly assessed its quality. This work uses machine learning techniques predict Indian rivers. It focuses finding potability when provided with key factors used calculate index...

The smart grid (SG), which has revolutionized the power grid, is being further improved by using burgeoning cyber physical system (CPS) technology. conceptualization of SG CPS, referred to as (SGCPS), gained a momentum with synchrophasor measurements. edifice its communication network (SCN), used communicate data from sensors known phasor measurement units (PMUs) control center concentrator (PDC). However, SCN vulnerable hardware and software failures that introduce risk. Thus, an...

Particle swarm optimisation (PSO) is one of the widely adopted meta-heuristic methods for solving real-life problems. Its practical utility can be further enhanced by improving its performance. In order to acheive this, academics have presented several variants original PSO over past few years, including quantum (QPSO), bare-bones (BB-PSO), hybrid PSO, fuzzy etc. this paper, performance improved proposing a fragmented approach known as PSOα. The PSOα tested and compared with PSOs 14...