A portable device known as a Wood's lamp, which emits ultraviolet light, was attached to smartphone. This captures images of the skin, highlighting keratotic plugs with bright glow. The were then processed using adaptive binarization count number plugs. fluctuated over several weeks, varying sensitivity parameters process. To optimize count, mixed Gaussian model approximates distribution counts and determines parameter that minimizes approximation error. Understanding fluctuations in can...

Image-based river flow measurement methods have been attracting attention because of their ease use and safety. Among the image-based methods, space-time image velocimetry (STIV) technique is regarded as a powerful tool for measuring streamwise its high accuracy robustness. However, depending on shooting environment such stormy weather or nighttime, conventional automatic analysis may generate incorrect values, which has problem in building real-time system. In this study, we tried to solve...

Phase-type gratings formed by photochemical phase transitions of a polymer azobenzene liquid crystal have been characterized. The sensitivity the material was improved factor 23 in liquid-crystalline owing to effective induction transition bright fringes interference pattern. A mechanism for grating formation films based on dynamics both and has proposed. Observation structure with polarizing optical microscope confirmed that isotropic induced photochemically arranged at well defined...

Unique characteristics were observed in phase-type gratings that formed a polymer azobenzene liquid-crystal (PALC) film. Generation of sinusoidal variation the surface film was confirmed by atomic force microscopy. However, comparison diffraction efficiency with modulation revealed could not be characterized only as conventional surface-relief gratings. In glassy state film, moderate (∼18%) obtained large (68−76 nm), whereas recorded nematic (N) phase showed high (∼28%) slight (33−53 nm)....

The rapid formation (and erasure) of a dynamic phase grating is one condition required materials for holography. photochemical nematic–isotropic transition the side-chain polymer liquid crystal (PLC) shown in Figure, caused by trans–cis photoisomerization azobenzene moiety, reported to cause with fringe spacing 1.4 μm form ∼150 ms.

This article describes the syntheses and second-order nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of novel types polyesters containing NLO active chromophores with high density, which were obtained by condensation polymerization using two comonomers N,N-dialkyl-4-nitroaniline or N,N-dialkyl-4-((4-cyanophenyl)azo)aniline moiety. The synthesized between isophthalic acid derivatives N-substituted diethanolamines triphenylphosphine diethyl azodicarboxylate as reagents in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)...

We demonstrate a photoinduced nanofabrication method, applicable to dimensions beyond the diffraction limit, by employing nanosecond laser pulse with high peak power. The second-harmonic wave of Nd: yttrium–aluminum–garnet (YAG) 5 ns width was irradiated onto sample, which consisted hexagonal arrayed monolayer nanoparticles on an azopolymer film. Topographical changes in surface after irradiation were observed atomic force microscopy. A transcription structure form dent attained. In case 100...

An indented nanostructure was formed on the surface of azobenzene-functionalized polyurethane thin films by induced migration polymer chains using optical near field generated around polystyrene (PS) spheres. The PS spheres, which had a diameter ranging from 98 to 990 nm, were arranged photoresponsive film self-organization process, and then exposed linearly polarized Ar+ laser at 488 nm. A hexagonal array indentations reflecting original geometry arrangement spheres observed atomic force...

Dynamic holographic gratings were investigated with thin films of polymer azobenzene liquid crystals by periodic induction photochemical nematic-to-isotropic phase transition. On irradiation writing beams (488 nm), multiple diffraction a reading beam (633 nm) immediately observed. The first-order efficiency reached to maximum value within several tens milliseconds: the rise time was approximately 50 ms for PM6AB2 and 30 PA6ABCN films. Quite large modulation in refractive index (∼0.08)...

Phase imaging during tapping mode atomic force microscopy (TMAFM) has revealed that an optical near field caused a change in the viscoelastic property on surface of urethane−urea copolymer film containing donor−acceptor substituted azobenzenes. Monolayers polystyrene microspheres with 100 nm diameter and 19 were fabricated exposed to 488 wavelength laser beam coincident absorption band azobenzene derivatives. After removal monolayer, phase image film's was obtained by TMAFM. The shift...

In order to obtain a better understanding of the welding mechanism in contact separation, electrical endurance tests were conducted with AgSnO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> and AgNi contacts on simulation test device. Waveforms displacement, voltage, current recorded LabVIEW during tests, changes gap heights pips increases operation cycles observed through charge-coupled device cameras. The resultant results show that...

Dynamic holographic grating by means of photochemical nematic-to-isotropic phase transition has been studied in a polymer liquid crystal containing an azobenzene moiety with strong donor−acceptor substituents the side chain. Periodical change structure was caused reversibly trans−cis photoisomerization and cis−trans thermal back-isomerization led to formation dynamic following refractive index on order 10-2. The production removal narrow fringe spacing 1.4 μm achieved within ∼150 ∼190 ms,...

The influence of the spacer structure on photochemical phase transition behaviour was explored for azobenzene polymer liquid crystals (azo-PLCs) possessing siloxane spacers in side chain, and analogue without spacer. azo-PLC with found to proceed less effectively than that It also confirmed does not affect trans-cis photoisomerization moieties. These results were interpreted terms stabilization alignment mesogens crystalline by spacer, since chain is one most flexible decouples motion...

We report on the mechanism of azobenzene polymer surface deformation due to optical near field around a dielectric sphere that is smaller than wavelength incident light. compared pattern with calculated intensity distribution electric sphere, and analyzed migration using tapping-mode atomic force microscopy. This comparison analysis show near-field gradient induces deformation.

Break operations of DC inductive (L=20mH) load currents up to about 5A with 14V were conducted in air AgSnO2 contact pairs under different opening speeds, first 20mm/s and then 200mm/s. Average break arc duration at each current level was calculated the respective speeds. While durations became shorter increases speeds larger levels, such reduction tendencies less significant an increase speed from 200mm/s, even when operated a 5A. Both levels seem exhibit certain roles for realizing...

Amyand's hernia is a rare type of inguinal characterized by the presence vermiform appendix within sac. It was named after Claudius Amyand who performed world's first successful appendectomy on an 11-year-old boy with right in 1735 and discovered herniated during surgery. This condition warrants urgent surgical treatment, intervention depending appendix's condition. However, nonspecific clinical presentation often complicates preoperative diagnosis, emphasizing critical role imaging...

We studied the behavior of photoinduced alignment change a polymer liquid crystal (PLC) containing an azobenzene moiety in side chain and formation grating by means PLCs. The was evaluated irradiation with s-polarized light at 488 nm. investigated effects intensity incident angles writing beams (two (s + s) configuration) on PLC films, explored relation between diffraction efficiency. efficiency showed maximum when almost complete bright area interference patterns. value obtained for...

To clarify how the occurrence of contact welding is related to series arc duration characteristics in consecutive make and break operations, electrical endurance tests were conducted on commercially available automotive relays, voltage waveforms arcs between electrodes recorded with LabVIEW. Experimental results indicate that may occur suddenly or randomly increasing number operations. A single a group long does not necessarily result welding, but longer within narrow range operation numbers...

A project team “Rika-Kobo” organized by university students has been actively engaged in various activities within and out of a campus over around 10 years. Through those activities, the student members mainly first to third grades can obtain opportunities having project-based-type trainings, as well product manufacturing experiences, both which act important roles effects terms engineering education for students.

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBehavior of the Electric Field Induced Dipolar Alignment Mesogenic Chromophores in Side-Chain Liquid Crystalline Polysiloxane by Second Harmonic GenerationJiro Abe, Makoto Hasegawa, Hiroshi Matsushima, Yasuo Shirai, Nobukatsu Nemoto, Yu Nagase, and Nobuo TakamiyaCite this: Macromolecules 1995, 28, 8, 2938–2943Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April...

Abstract Three kinds of photoresponsive polyurethanes containing slightly different azobenzene moieties [i.e., disperse red 19 (DR19), 2‐position‐substituted DR19, and 2,2′‐position‐substituted DR19] were prepared, their photoinduced birefringence behavior was examined. These showed nearly the same molecular weights, glass transition temperatures, viscosities, absorption coefficients at wavelength light used to induce photoresponse. Irradiation these polymer films with a linearly polarized...

Break operations of AgSn <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">O</sub> 2 contact pairs were conducted in dc inductive (L = 5.7 mH) and resistive load circuits at 14 V up to around 10 A under different opening speeds from 0.5 200 mm/s with/without external magnetic field application air. arc voltage waveforms observed, total break durations metallic phase determined based on the observed waveforms. After experiments, averages for as...

Break operations of a DC inductive (L=20mH) current from about 1A to SA at 14V were conducted with Ag and AgSnO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> contact pairs under different opening speeds 0.5 200mm/s in air. Average break arc duration each level was calculated the respective speeds. With small load levels, average durations not influenced by speeds, while clearly became shorter increases currents 3A or more. However,...