Soil moisture is a fundamental data source used by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) International Production Assessment Division (IPAD) to monitor crop growth stage and condition subsequently, globally forecast agricultural yields. Currently, USDA IPAD estimates surface root-zone soil using two-layer modified Palmer model forced global precipitation temperature measurements. However, this approach suffers from well-known errors arising uncertainty in forcing highly...

Data were acquired by the Passive and Active L- S-band airborne sensor (PALS) during 1999 Southern Great Plains (SGP99) experiment in Oklahoma to study remote sensing of soil moisture vegetated terrain using low-frequency microwave radiometer radar measurements. The PALS instrument measures radiometric brightness temperature backscatter at frequencies with multiple polarizations approximately equal spatial resolutions. data SGP99 provide information on sensitivities multichannel passive...

Soil moisture is considered to be a key variable assess crop and drought conditions. However, readily available soil datasets developed for monitoring agricultural conditions are uncommon. The aim of this work examine two global set web-based processing tools demonstrate the value data forecasting using Google Earth Engine (GEE). discussed in paper generated by integrating Moisture Ocean Salinity (SMOS) Active Passive (SMAP) missions’ satellite-derived observations into modified two-layer...

Numerous large river basins of the world have few and irregular observations components terrestrial hydrological cycle with exception stream gauges at a locations outlet along sparsely distributed rain gauges. Using from satellite sensors output global land surface models, it is possible to study these under-observed basins. With populations greater than billion people, some rivers (e.g., Ganga-Brahmaputra, Yangtze, Nile Mekong) are economic engines countries they transect, yet thorough...

Lai Giang River basin, Central Vietnam The Digital Elevation Models (DEM) is essential in hydrological modeling and water cycle understanding. There are several unanswered questions regarding the impact of DEM on models' quality applications. This study develops a comprehensive framework for evaluating impacts six global products: MERIT, NASA, SRTM, ASTER GDEM2, AW3D30, TanDEM-X using semi-distributed model SWAT Vietnam, which four criteria have been used (i) statistical analysis, (ii) river...

The use of satellite–based precipitation products (SPPs) have become increasingly prevalent as key inputs to provide regional rainfall for improving hydrological simulations in data–spare regions. This study introduces a new approach – Comprehensive Assessment Framework Rainfall (CAFR) evaluate six eleven basins with different sizes across Vietnam (2007–2015). These SPPs include the Global Precipitation Mission (GPM) Integrated Multi-satellitE Retrievals Measurement Final run Version 6 (GPM...

Flooding remains one of the most devastating and costly natural disasters. As flooding events grow in frequency intensity, it has become increasingly important to improve flood monitoring, prediction, early warning systems. Recent efforts flash forecasts using deep learning have shown promise, yet commonly-used techniques such as long short term memory (LSTM) models are unable extract potentially significant spatial relationships among input datasets. Here we propose a hybrid approach...

The added value of satellite‐based surface soil moisture retrievals for agricultural drought monitoring is assessed by calculating the lagged rank correlation between remotely‐sensed vegetation indices (VI) and estimates obtained both before after assimilation derived from Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer‐EOS (AMSR‐E) into a water balance model. Higher moisture/VI lag correlations imply an enhanced ability to predict future conditions using current moisture. Results demonstrate that...

This paper presents an intercomparative study of 12 operationally produced large-scale datasets describing soil moisture, evapotranspiration (ET), and/or vegetation characteristics within agricultural regions the contiguous United States (CONUS). These have been developed using a variety techniques, including, hydrologic modeling, satellite-based retrievals, data assimilation, and survey/in-field collection. The objectives are to assess relative utility each dataset for monitoring crop yield...

Abstract. The lagged rank cross-correlation between model-derived root-zone soil moisture estimates and remotely sensed vegetation indices (VI) is examined January 2000 December 2010 to quantify the skill of various models for agricultural drought monitoring. Examined modeling strategies range from a simple antecedent precipitation index application modern land surface (LSMs) based on complex water energy balance formulations. A quasi-global evaluation VI/soil suggests, when globally...

The Lower Mekong Basin (LMB) is biologically diverse, economically important, and home to over 60 million people. region has undergone extensive environmental changes due multiple factors, including agricultural expansion intensification, deforestation, more river damming, increased urbanization, growing human populations, of industrial forest plantations, plus frequent natural disasters from flooding drought. also heavily used for transportation, fishing, drinking water, irrigation. To aid...

The Northern Sub-Saharan African (NSSA) region, which accounts for 20%–25% of the global carbon emissions from biomass burning, also suffers frequent drought episodes and other disruptions to hydrological cycle whose adverse societal impacts have been widely reported during last several decades. This paper presents a conceptual framework NSSA regional climate system components that may be linked as well detailed analyses variety satellite data 2001–2014 in conjunction with relevant...

Multiple satellite-based earth observations and traditional station data along with the Soil & Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) hydrologic model were employed to enhance Lower Mekong River Basin region’s hydrological decision support system. A nearest neighbor approximation methodology was introduced fill Integrated Multi-satellite Retrieval for Global Precipitation Measurement mission (IMERG) grid points from 2001 2014, together Tropical Rainfall Mission (TRMM) continuous precipitation...

From an agricultural perspective, drought refers to a deficiency of plant available water in the root-zone soil profile. This paper focuses on evaluating benefit assimilating moisture retrievals from Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) mission into USDA-FAS Palmer model for monitoring. To this end, skill SMAP-enhanced is assessed over three regions that have experienced major since launch SMAP early 2015: 1) 2015 California (CA), USA, 2) 2017 South Africa, and 3) 2018 mid-winter Australia....

Over the past two decades, remote sensing has made possible routine global monitoring of surface soil moisture. Regional agricultural drought is one most logical application areas for such monitoring. However, alone provides moisture information only top few centimeters profile, while requires knowledge amount water present in entire root zone. The assimilation remotely sensed products into continuous balance models a way addressing this shortcoming. Here, we describe NASA's active passive...

Terrestrial Essential Climate Variables, known as terrestrial ECVs, are key sources of information for both application- and scientific- oriented research. A large number global ECV products have been derived from satellite observations, more forthcoming. To unlock the full potential these products, end-users need to know their uncertainties error magnitudes. Due lack conformity among validation strategies, a wide range approaches employed assess quality resulted in reduced comparability...

Managing transboundary river basins requires balancing tradeoffs of sustainable water use and coping with climate uncertainty. We demonstrate an integrated approach to exploring these issues through the lens a social-ecological system, combining remote in-situ earth observations, hydrologic models, social surveys. Specifically, we examine how change dam development could impact Se Kong, San Sre Pok rivers in Mekong region. find that will lead increased precipitation, necessitating shift...

Lower Mekong River Basin (LMRB) Satellite remote sensing products are widely used for monitoring droughts. Using NASA satellite sensors of precipitation (Global Measurement Mission, GPM), soil moisture (Soil Moisture Active and Passive, SMAP), terrestrial water storage (Gravity Recovery Climate Experiment, GRACE), this study evaluates the historical drought in LMRB during 2015–16. SMAP was validated against in-situ moisture, GPM were cross-validated with streamflow observations. The...

Abstract Relatively little is currently known about the spatiotemporal variability of land surface conditions during North American monsoon, in particular for regions complex topography. As a result, role played by land–atmosphere interactions generating convective rainfall over steep terrain and sustaining monsoon still poorly understood. In this study, variation hydrometeorological along large-scale topographic transect northwestern Mexico described. The field experiment consisted daily...

Information is a critical resource in disaster response scenarios. Data regarding the geographic extent, severity, and socioeconomic impacts of event can help guide emergency responders relief operations, particularly when delivered within hours data acquisition. from remote observations provides valuable tool for assessing conditions 'on ground' more quickly efficiently. Here, we evaluate social value near real-time flood impact system using case study, quantify Value (VOI) satellite-based...