A number of basic scientific questions relating to ion conduction in homogeneously disordered solids are discussed. The deal with how define the mobile density, what can be learnt from electrode effects, transport mechanism is, role dimensionality and origins mixed-alkali effect, time-temperature superposition, nearly constant loss are. Answers suggested some these questions, but main purpose paper is draw attention fact that this field research still presents several fundamental challenges.

A model for ion transport in glass is presented which based on the experimental evidence that cations create and maintain their own characteristic environments. By postulating existence of a site memory effect, we are able to visualize formation conducting pathways. We develop quantitative theory explains general occurrence mixed cation (alkali) effect glassy material and, addition, shows anomalous dependence conductivity modifier content single alkali glasses follows simple power-law relation.

We address the question of growth firm size.To this end, we analyze Compustat data base comprising all publicly-traded United States manufacturing firms within years 1974-1993.We find that distribution sizes remains stable for 20 study, i. e., mean value and standard deviation remain approximately constant.We study "new" companies in each year it to be well approximated by a log-normal.We (I) logarithm rates~for fixed period one year~a nd with same size S, displays an exponential form~and...

We perform Monte Carlo simulations for diffusion of charged particles in structurally disorderd lattices. As a consequence the Coulomb interaction, pronounced backward correlations occur which lead to power-law behavior relevant transport quantities at intermediate time and frequency scales. Both exponents size dispersive regime depend on temperature. Our suggest that combined effect disorder interaction provides new mechanism understanding non-Debye relaxation, is experimentally known wide...

We discuss examples of complex systems composed many interacting subsystems. focus on those displaying nontrivial long-range correlations. These include the one-dimensional sequence base pairs in DNA, flight times large seabird Wandering Albatross, and annual fluctuations growth rate business firms. review formal analogies models that describe observed correlations, conclude by discussing possibility behavior numbers humans (as measured, e.g., economic indices) might conform to analogs...

Understanding and control of cluster thin film growth on solid surfaces is a subject intensive research to develop nanomaterials with new physical properties. In this Colloquium we review basic theoretical concepts describe submonolayer kinetics under non-equilibrium conditions. It shown how these can be extended further developed treat self-organized formation in material systems current interest, such as nanoalloys molecular clusters organic growth. The presentation focused ideal flat...

We study the spontaneous phase separation of a binary mixture in presence flat wall, focusing on early stage demixing kinetics. Based Ginzburg-Landau type approach, we show existence novel unstable concentration waves with wave vectors ${\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{k}}_{\ensuremath{\parallel}}$ parallel to which are characterized by surface dispersion relation ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{s}({k}_{\ensuremath{\parallel}})$ and amplitudes $\overline{s}$ decaying exponentially into bulk. The...

In the preceding paper we presented empirical results describing growth of publicly-traded United States manufacturing firms within years 1974-1993.Our suggest that data can be described by a scaling approach.Here, propose models may lead to some insight into these phenomena.First, study model in which rate company is affected tendency retain an "optimal" size.That leads exponential distribution logarithm agreement with results.Then, hierarchical tree-like enables us relate two parameters...

We investigate by Monte Carlo simulations the diffusion of ions in ordered and structurally disordered lattices, where Coulomb interaction between mobile is explicitly taken into account. Results for tracer diffusion, conductivity, diffusion-induced spin-lattice relaxation rate, incoherent intermediate scattering function are discussed detail. It shown that presence both disorder interactions leads to typical deviations from standard behavior relevant transport quantities (non-BPP, BPP...

Inspired by work of both Widom and Mandelbrot, we analyze the Computstat database comprising all publicly traded United States manufacturing companies in years 1974–1993. We find that distribution company size remains stable for 20 study, i.e., mean value standard deviation remain approximately constant. study sizes "new" each year it to be well approximated a log- normal. (i) logarithm growth rates, fixed period T years, with same S displays an exponential "tent-shaped" form rather than...

We study, by Monte Carlo simulation, the spin lattice relaxation rate 1/${\mathit{T}}_{1}$(\ensuremath{\omega},T) caused diffusing ions in disordered structures. show that both disorder and Coulomb interactions are essential to obtain typical non-Bloembergen-Purcell-Pound behavior of 1/${\mathit{T}}_{1}$. The dependence 1/${\mathit{T}}_{1}$ upon frequency \ensuremath{\omega} temperature T can be described simple scaling form...

We investigate the structure and electronic properties of phosphatidylcholine (PC) under different degrees hydration at single-molecule monolayer type level by linear scaling ab initio calculations. Upon hydration, phospholipid undergoes drastic long-range conformational rearrangements which lead to a sickle-like ground-state shape. The structural unit tilted gel-phase PC appears be water-bridged dimer. find that dramatically alters surface potential, dipole quadrupole moments lipids...

Wind speed modelling is of increasing interest, both for basic research and applications, as, e.g., wind turbine development strategies to construct large power plants. Generally, such hampered by the non-stationary features data that, a extent, reflect turbulent dynamics in atmosphere. We study how these can be captured nested ARIMA models. In this approach, fluctuations given time windows are modelled one stochastic process, parameter variation between successive another one. For deriving...

Solitons are commonly known as waves that propagate without dispersion. Here, we show they can occur for driven overdamped Brownian dynamics of hard spheres in periodic potentials at high densities. The solitons manifest themselves sequences different assemblies particles moving the limit zero noise, where transport single is not possible. They give rise to particle currents even low temperature appear bandlike structures around certain hard-sphere diameters. At temperatures, washed out by...

In driven nonlinear systems, phase locking is an intriguing effect leading to robust stationary states that are stable over extended ranges of control parameters. Recent experiments allow for exploring microscopic mechanisms underlying such phenomena in collective dynamics micro- and nanoparticles. Here, we show phase-locked hardcore-interacting microparticles a densely populated periodic potential under time-periodic driving arises from running solitary cluster waves. We explain how values...

Shapiro steps are quantized plateaus in the velocity-force or velocity-torque curve of a driven system, when its speed remains constant despite an increase driving force. For microscopic particles across sinusoidal potential, integer have been observed. By single colloidal particle time-modulated, non-sinusoidal periodic optical landscape, we here demonstrate that fractional emerge addition to ones. Measuring position via individual tracking, reveal underlying mechanisms produce and how...

Mean-field kinetic equations are a valuable tool to study the atomic dynamics and spin of simple lattice gas Ising models. They can be derived from microscopic master equation system contain analytical expressions for coefficients thermodynamic quantities which usually introduced phenomenologically. We review several methods obtain such equations, discuss applications order–disorder transitions, spinodal decomposition, dendritic growth in isothermal or chemical model. In case we show that...

To explore the origin of recently discovered non-Arrhenius behavior dc conductivity in glassy fast ionic conductors at high temperatures, we investigate by Monte Carlo simulations transport charged particles an energetically disordered structure. We show that combined effect Coulomb interaction and disorder can account for experimental findings. Our results suggest superionic be optimized lowering strength energetic but effects set upper bound temperatures.