Epigenetics is a burgeoning area of biomedical research into the mechanisms by which genes are regulated—how activity producing proteins controlled. Although molecular epigenetic highly biochemical, it interest to sociologists because some changes environmentally mediated and can persist across life span or further generations. Environmental tracks social forces—from pollution nutrition mothering traumatic experience—become molecularly embodied, affect gene expression, induce durable in...

Nutritional epigenetics seeks to explain the effects of nutrition on gene expression. For social science, it is an area life science whose analysis reveals a concentrated form wider shift in understanding food and metabolism. Rather than chemical conversion energy body matter classic metabolism, now also conditioning environment that shapes activity genome physiology body. It thought prenatal early postnatal impacts adult-onset diseases such as diabetes heart disease; exposure seen point...

Beginning in the 1940s, mass production of antibiotics involved industrial-scale growth microorganisms to harvest their metabolic products. Unfortunately, use selects for resistance at answering scale. The turn study antibiotic microbiology and medicine is examined, focusing on realization that individual therapies targeted single pathogens bodies are environmental events affecting bacterial evolution far beyond bodies. In turning biological manifestations use, sciences fathom material...

The search for the genetic factors underlying complex neuropsychiatric disorders has proceeded apace in past decade. Despite some advances identifying variants associated with psychiatric disorders, most have small individual contributions to risk. By contrast, disease risk increase appears be less subtle disease-predisposing environmental insults. In this study, we sought identify associations between pollution and of disorders. We present exploratory analyses 2 independent, very large...

Through examination of four examples from contemporary metabolic sciences, this article characterizes the rise a postindustrial metabolism. Concerned with regulation, timing, and information, emergent metabolism is analyzed as shift away factory or motor model classic metabolism, in which food was fuel, providing energy building blocks to body. Accordingly, disorders—treatments for are explicit aim much research—are increasingly explained intervened regulatory crises, asynchronies, instances...

In the space of little more than a decade, ideas human genome have shifted significantly, with emergence notion that an individual changes development, age, disease, environmental inputs, and time. This paper examines life span, one experiences drift, instability, mutability, host other temporal changes. We argue developments in chromatin biology provided basis for this genomic embodiment experience exposure. analyze how time has come to matter through chromatin, providing analysis examples...

What constitutes "human reproduction" is under negotiation as its biology, social nature, and cultural valences are increasingly perceived bound up in environmental issues. This review maps the growing overlap between formerly rather separate domains of reproductive politics politics, examining three interrelated areas. The first emergence an intersectional justice framework activism health science. second biomedical delineation environment reproduction development object research...

Anthropogenic pressures now shape the development, interrelations, and evolution of microbes, plants, animals, humans. In an age oxidative stress failures DNA repair, cytokine storms microbial dysbiosis, social scientific theory stutters in face biological consequences forces it masterfully detailed, from biopower to looping kinds. Concepts fallibility knowledge unanticipated consequence wicked problem are too generic fathom nature living within reconfigured biotic-abiotic relations...

The history of microcinematography is explored here as an example the possible historiographical directions for work on science and film in twentieth century. Topics discussed include investigations role time experiment, constant interplay between static dynamic modes imaging scientific research; films depictions both objects process looking itself; possibility telling a social through investigation production reception cinema.

The early twentieth-century industrialization of food production and processing generated large volumes waste. Following the fate waste products cast off from new commodities, this article describes logics practices large-scale reuse as animal feed microbial nutrient medium in industrial chemical United States. A "chemical gaze" on matter recast disparate burdensome byproducts such beet pulp, cottonseed meal, or arsenic trioxide terms resources to be fed forward through metabolism. Focused...

Abstract This analysis of antimicrobials before antibiotics uses both biological and historical approaches to examine the origins contemporary antibiotic resistance in decades prior introduction penicillin. Genetic studies elements bacterial pathogens point toward importance early twentieth century chemotherapies as initial selection pressures shaping landscape even microbially-produced came onto scene while gives insight into design these pressures: specific toxicity arsenicals,...

October 01 2004 A Theory of Animation: Cells, L-systems, and Film Christopher Kelty, Kelty Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar Hannah Landecker Author Article Information Online Issn: 1536-0105 Print 1526-3819 © Grey Room, Inc. Massachusetts Institute Technology2004 Room (2004) (17): 30–63. https://doi.org/10.1162/1526381042464536 Cite Icon Permissions Share Twitter LinkedIn Views contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Citation...

Human social interactions and material cultures are increasingly understood as biologically consequent environmental signals. Within the explanatory framework of epigenetics, such signals become inscribed when transduced into bodies persistent patterns molecular conformation. In life sciences, persistence biological is establishment gene expression potentials, physiological changes, or epigenetic memories. How did interchangeable with environmental? When both scientifically graspable...

The Argument Cell lines and other human-derived biological materials have since 1980 become valuable forms of patentable matter. This paper revisits the much-critiqued legal case Moore v. Regents University Cahfornia , in which John claimed property rights a patented cell line made from his spleen. Most work to date has critiqued text decision left relevant scientific technical literature unexamined. By mapping out construction discontinuity continuity between human body this literature,...

Abstract There are 11 Polycomb group genes known in Drosophila. These negative regulators of homeotic gene expression, and may act by modifying chromatin structure. It is not clear how many members the exist. Many were discovered because their phenotypes, or they enhance mutations. Systematic screens for enhancers have identified previously group. In an attempt to discover cytological locations new genes, we crossed deletions uncovering about 20% genome Polycomb‐like scored enhancement extra...