We propose a simple theoretical formula for describing the refractive indices in binary liquid mixtures containing salt ions. Our theory is based on Clausius-Mossotti equation; it gives index of mixture terms pure liquids and polarizability ionic species, by properly accounting volume change upon mixing. The predictions are tested extensive experimental measurements water-acetonitrile-salt systems several compositions, different range concentrations. Excellent agreement obtained all cases,...

Salt-induced liquid–liquid phase separation in liquid mixtures is a common phenomenon nature and various applications, such as extraction of chemicals. Here, we present results systematic investigation the behaviors water–acetonitrile–salt using combination experiment theory. We obtain complete ternary diagrams for nine representative salts water–acetonitrile by cloud point component analysis. construct thermodynamic free energy model accounting nonideal mixing liquids, ion hydration,...

Electro-osmotic flow (EOF) is a phenomenon where fluid motion occurs in porous materials or micro/nano-channels when an external electric field applied. In the particular example of single-molecule electrophoresis using single nanopores, role EOF on translocation velocity analyte molecule through nanopore not fully understood. The complexity arises from combination effects hydrodynamics restricted environments, electrostatics emanating charge decorations and geometry pores. We address this...

Zwitterionic peptides are great candidates as antifouling coating materials in many biomedical applications. We investigated the structure and properties of surface-tethered zwitterionic peptide monolayers with different chain lengths charge distributions using a combination surface plasma resonance, atomic force microscopy, all atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulation techniques. Our results demonstrate that more lysine (K) glutamic acid (E) repeating units exhibit better performance....

This study proposes a new hybrid brain-computer interface (BCI) system to improve spelling accuracy and speed by stimulating P300 steady-state visually evoked potential (SSVEP) in electroencephalography (EEG) signals.A frequency enhanced row column (FERC) paradigm is proposed incorporate the coding into (RC) so that SSVEP signals can be simultaneously. A flicker (white-black) with specific from 6.0 11.5 Hz an interval of 0.5 assigned one or 6 × layout, row/column flashes are carried out...

We present a novel method for obtaining salt polarizabilities in aqueous solutions based on our recent theory the refractive index of solutions, which predicts linear relationship between and concentration at low concentrations, with slope determined by intrinsic values polarizability density solution. Here we apply this to determine 32 strong electrolyte salts from measurements. Setting Li+ as standard ion, then seven cations (Na+, K+, Rb+, Cs+, Ca2+, Ba2+, Sr2+) anions (F–, Cl–, Br–, I–,...

Abstract A highly anti‐oil fabric membrane is synthesized by surface grafting of zwitterionic poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate) (PSBMA) onto the surface. The first enzymatically modified to create more reactive amine groups on surface‐initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI‐ATRP) reaction then performed modify with a dense PSBMA brush layer. Surface characterization indicates that brush‐grafted exhibits increased roughness and improved superhydrophilicity. PSBMA‐modified silk...

Zwitterionic peptides emerge as a class of highly effective antifouling material in wide range applications such biosensors, biomedical devices, and implants. We incorporated neutral amino acid spacers with different hydrophobicities, including serine (Ser), glycine (Gly), leucine (Leu), into zwitterionic lysine–glutamic repeating units investigated the structure performance peptide brushes by surface plasma resonance, force apparatus (SFA), all-atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulation...

Polyelectrolyte brushes are responsive to salt in the environment, and this has found broad applications antifouling, biolubrication, drug delivery. Salt primarily influences conformation of polyelectrolytes through ion adsorption. While adsorption is typically associated with electrostatic interactions, our research reveals that multivalent solutions, it also enhances nonelectrostatic interactions by bringing distant polyelectrolyte segments closer together. The finding based on a...

Efficient capture of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) is crucial for high-throughput sequencing, which influences the speed and accuracy genetic analysis. Electrophoresis (EP) electro-osmotic flow (EOF) have a significant impact on translocation behavior ssDNA through nanopore. Experimentally, dynamically tracking these two effects remains challenging, conventional numerical methods also struggle to their dynamic properties in presence DNA. We use all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations...

Ion valency has strong effects on the conformation of polyelectrolyte brushes, which is important for designing adhesive and lubrication properties surface. But a unified theory applicable to both monovalent multivalent ions still lacking. Using consistent description ion adsorption, we demonstrate significant effect brush distribution in system. Our theoretical predictions are with experimental simulation results. When system involves only solution, our predicts that height vs added salt...

Porous framework materials have sparked enormous interest in the electrochromic field, as they possess intrinsic high porosity and a large surface area that are beneficial for electron ion transport. However, fabrication of these porous often requires multiple processing steps or harsh reaction conditions, which significantly limit large-scale such materials. In this work, we report one-pot situ polycondensation method to construct covalent hybrid membranes via nucleophilic substitutions...

The Langmuir film balance technique was used to investigate the effects of copolymer composition and subphase pH/temperature on aggregation behaviors two stimuli-responsive amphiphilic diblock copolymers poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate)-block-poly(lauryl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA-b-PLMA) at air/water interface. morphologies their Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) films were characterized by atomic force microscopy. With rise in pH, corresponding surface pressure–molecular area isotherms gradually...

Early-stage hemocompatibility is indispensable for manufacturing tissue-engineered vascular grafts used in regenerative medicine. In this study, we report the vivo blood response and patency of small-diameter synthetic modified with Arg-Glu-Asp-Val (REDV) peptide. Vascular were prepared by casting REDV-conjugated poly(depsipeptide-co-caprolactone) on a stainless-steel mandril (diameter: 1.8 mm). After implanting into abdominal aorta rats 24 h, all three control without peptide out four REDV...

<italic>In situ</italic>and<italic>ex situ</italic>growth of ultra-long Si₃N₄nanobelts (NBs) was simultaneously achieved<italic>via</italic>an effective method with the raw materials graphite, nanosilicon and nanosilica.