High energy consumption and production costs during the metal-slag smelting in pyrometallurgical process caused many alternative methods to be developed. Selective reduction technology emerges as a potential solution, enabling processing of nickel laterite into ferronickel concentrate at lower operational temperatures ranging from 1000°C 1250°C with presence some additives. This work investigated effect combination two additives, i.e. sodium sulfate calcium sulfate, on saprolitic iron grade...

Nickel laterite is typically processed into ferronickel through a pyrometallurgical method involving high temperatures and the use of fossil fuels, such as coals or cokes. Unfortunately, this process releases emissions like CO2, SO2, NOx environment. This study explores sustainable approach for nickel processing by investigating low-temperature selective reduction using various biomass reductants. The materials, including saprolitic ore types (palm kernel shell charcoal PSC, lamtoro wood...

The efficacy of monosodium glutamate (MSG) as a lixiviant for the selective and sustainable leaching zinc copper from electric arc furnace dust was tested. Batch studies XRD, XRF SEM-EDS characterization confirmed high efficiency (reaching 99%) 86%) leaving behind Fe, Al, Ca Mg in residue. separation factor (concentration ratio pregnant leach solution) between vs. other elements, elements optimum condition could reach 11,700 250 times, respectively. conditions scheme were pH 9, MSG...

In this present work, the selective reduction of nickel laterite was conducted by using 5 to 15 wt. % sodium carbonate, chloride and sulfate as additives. The 5% palm shell charcoal used reductant. process for carried out at 1150°C 60 minutes followed wet magnetic separation 500 Gausses permanent magnet. characterization reduced ore performed X-ray Diffraction, optical microscope Scanning Electron Microscope with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy, while chemical composition concentrate or...

Basicity is an important parameter in the smelting of nickel laterite to obtain low-temperature melting point and low-liquidus slag viscosity, resulting less energy consumption a more effective process ferronickel production. Nevertheless, it still studied selective reduction laterite. In this work, effect binary, ternary, quaternary basicity limonitic ore had been investigated clearly reveal appropriate process. The was modified with addition CaO, MgO, SiO2, Al2O3 conducted muffle furnace...

Bijih nikel laterit merupakan mineral yang mengandung senyawa oksida besi-nikel. Teknologi pengolahan secara umum ada 3 metode yaitu hidrometalurgi, pirometalurgi dan reduksi selektif. Hidrometalurgi menggunakan pelindian larutan seperti asam untuk mengekstraksi laterit. Metode dengan bertekanan adalah paling optimal mendapatkan grade recovery tertinggi. Akan tetapi ini memiliki dampak pencemaran lingkungan akibat hasil proses waktu lama. kedua, temperatur tinggi sampai 1600°C sehingga...

Abstract In this present work, the selective reduction of nickel laterite was conducted by using 10 wt. % sodium carbonate, chloride and sulphate as additives. The 5 palm shell charcoal used reductant. process for carried out from 950ºC to 1150ºC 60 minutes followed wet magnetic separation 500 Gausses permanent magnet. characterization reduced ore performed X-Ray Diffraction, optical microscope Scanning Electron Microscope with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy, while chemical composition...

Rare-earth metal is one of the critical elements because its small amount with a lot demand for this in variety latest technologies, which are currently developed fast and intensively. The use rare-earth metals can contribute to development innovations production new materials various fields, these have strong, hard heat-resistant properties. found complex compounds that makes it difficult separate from ore. Obtaining realized by recycling product secondary source magnets containing metals,...

X-ray diffraction (XRD), fluorescence (XRF), scanning electron microscopy energy dispersion spectroscopy (SEM–EDS), and differential thermal analysis (DTA) measurements were used to investigate the mineralogical characteristics distribution of data set in limonite soil from Indonesia. The findings point a complicated inner core laterite ore. Ni, Fe, Mg, Al, Si levels are 1.4, 50.5, 1.81, 4.86 16.5 wt %, respectively. iron oxide/oxyhydroxide content is 94.4 5.6 % silicate. DTA shows that has...

Saprolite and limonite have different behaviour in the carbothermic reduction process due to differences their atomic structures. This work investigates kinetic study of these two kinds lateritic nickel ores. Nickel ore, coal, sodium sulfate, calcium oxide were mixed, then pelletised into 10–15 mm diameters. The pellets reduced with a non-isothermal condition using muffle furnace at 950–1150 °C for 5–120 min. crushed less than 74 µm prior wet magnetic separation obtain concentrates...

Ferrochrome is an important alloy in stainless steel making due to its contribution high strength and corrosion resistance. In this present study, ferrochrome was derived from Indonesian chromite sand with low-grade Cr/Fe ratio. order improve the ratio, beneficiation process such as pre-magnetic separation reduction at 1000°C for 60 minutes required. The followed by another magnetic separation, thus ratio increased 0.9 1.6. used coconut shell charcoal reductant limestone additive....

Local pyrolusite ore from Waykanan regency (Lampung Province, Indonesia) has been treated by sulfuric acid leaching process using various reducing agents to produce manganese sulfate. The was detected as XRD and contained Mn (36.8%), Fe (6.6%), Si (4.1%). Various such molasses, glucosse, fructose, cane sugar, sodium sulfit, tannic acid, oxalic citric black tea, green cellulose, sawdust of candlenut shell, Acacia wood, coconut Albizia chinensis H2O2 were used. From the experimental results,...

Most nickel laterite smelting to produce ferronickel is carried out using an AC-arc furnace. Although the DC-arc furnace advantageous in of fine ore, it rarely used for laterite. In this work, effects slag basicity and stoichiometry reductant addition during low-grade saprolitic ore on content recovery, yield, phases were studied detail. The process was conducted a laboratory with single electrode 30 cm diameter. A 5 kg (1.92 Ni-12.97 Fe), some coke as reductant, limestone flux smelted about...

In this experiment, the effect of addition carbide forming elements on high chromium white cast iron, such as molybdenum, vanadium and boron its mechanical properties microstructure was investigated. The iron produced by casting process formed in 50 mm size grinding balls with several compositions. Characterization these conducted using some testing methods, as: chemical analysis, hardness, impact test. From results, vanadium, provided a significant improvement but reduced toughness....