Neurons of the medial septum and diagonal band Broca (MS-DBB) provide an important input to hippocampus are critically involved in learning memory. Although cholinergic GABAergic MS-DBB neurons known modulate hippocampal activity, role recently described glutamatergic is unknown. Here, we examined electrophysiological properties tested whether they a functional synaptic hippocampus. To visualize neurons, used slices from transgenic mice which green fluorescent protein expressed specifically...

Theta oscillations are essential for learning and memory, their generation requires GABAergic interneurons. To better understand how theta is generated, we explored parvalbumin (PV) somatostatin (SOM) interneurons in CA1 stratum oriens/alveus fire during hippocampal investigated synaptic mechanisms underlying behavior. Combining the use of transgenic mice to visually identify PV SOM intact preparation that can generate vitro without cholinergic agonists, performed simultaneous field...

The coupling of high frequency oscillations (HFOs; >100 Hz) and theta (3-12 in the CA1 region rats increases during REM sleep, indicating that it may play a role memory processing. However, is unclear whether itself capable providing major contributions to generation HFOs, or if they are strictly driven through input projections. Parvalbumin-positive (PV+) interneurons an essential these due their extensive connections with neighboring pyramidal cells, characteristic fast-spiking. Thus, we...

Study of the neural deficits caused by mismatched binocular vision in early childhood has predominantly focused on circuits primary visual cortex (V1). Recent evidence revealed that neurons mouse dorsolateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) can undergo rapid ocular dominance plasticity following monocular deprivation (MD). It remains unclear, however, whether long-lasting attributed to MD during critical period originate thalamus. Using vivo two-photon Ca 2+ imaging dLGN afferents superficial...

Basal forebrain neurons play an important role in memory and attention. In addition to cholinergic GABAergic neurons, glutamatergic that can corelease acetylcholine glutamate have recently been described the basal forebrain. Although it is well known nerve growth factor (NGF) promotes synaptic function of how NGF affects newly identified remains undetermined. Here, we examined effects on transmission medial septum diagonal band Broca (MS-DBB) expressing different neurotransmitter phenotypes....

Hippocampal theta is a 4-12 Hz rhythm associated with episodic memory, and although it has been studied extensively, the cellular mechanisms underlying its generation are unclear. The complex interactions between different interneuron types, such as those oriens-lacunosum-moleculare (OLM) interneurons bistratified cells (BiCs), make their contribution to network rhythms difficult determine experimentally. We created models that tied experimental work at both levels explore how these affect...

<ns4:p>The hippocampus is a heavily studied brain structure due to its involvement in learning and memory. Detailed models of excitatory, pyramidal cells have been developed using range experimental data. These used help us understand, for example, the effects synaptic integration voltage gated channel densities distributions on cellular responses. However, these outputs need be considered from perspective networks which they are embedded. Using modeling approaches, if representations too...

Our PV+ interneurons are represented with an Izhikevich-type model [2], and involve parameter values that designed to approximate the cell’ si ntrinsic properties. To determine these parameters, spike characteristics passive properties were extracted from wholecell patch clamp recordings of in CA1 region intact hippocampal preparation vitro. network is composed individual cell models, size, architecture, synaptic chosen be consistent those found literature. Recordings during emergent...

<ns4:p>The hippocampus is a heavily studied brain structure due to its involvement in learning and memory. Detailed models of excitatory, pyramidal cells have been developed using range experimental data. These used help us understand, for example, the effects synaptic integration voltage gated channel densities distributions on cellular responses. However, these outputs need be considered from perspective networks which they are embedded. Using modeling approaches, if representations too...

The mammalian visual cortex contains multiple retinotopically defined areas that process distinct features of the scene. Little is known about what guides functional differentiation cortical during development. Recent studies in mice have revealed input from two eyes provides spatiotemporally signals to primary (V1), such contralateral eye-dominated V1 neurons respond higher spatial frequencies than ipsilateral neurons. To test whether binocular drives areas, we used two-photon calcium...

Despite the recent emergence of multiple cellular and molecular strategies to restore vision in retinal disorders, it remains unclear what extent central visual circuits can recover when defects are corrected adulthood. We addressed this question an Lrat-/- mouse model Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA) which light sensitivity optomotor responses partially restored by 9-cis-retinyl acetate administration Following treatment, two-photon calcium imaging revealed increases number response...

Abstract Microglia contain multiple mechanisms that shape the synaptic landscape during postnatal development. Whether changes mediated by microglia reflect developmental refinement of neuronal responses in sensory cortices, however, remains poorly understood. In life, development increased orientation and spatial frequency selectivity primary visual cortex (V1) supports emergence high acuity. Here, we used colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) inhibitor PLX5622 to rapidly durably...

Although hippocampal theta, a 4-12 Hz rhythm associated with episodic memory, has been studied extensively, the cellular mechanisms underlying its generation are unclear. OLM cells have considered pacemakers of local CA1 theta [1], but recent experimental work disputed this role [2]. The complex interactions that other cell types, such as bistratified (BSCs) [3], make their contribution to network rhythms difficult determine experimentally. One can address issue using mathematical models,...

From several experimental and modeling studies, it has become apparent that networks of parvalbumin-positive (PV+), fast-firing interneurons play an essential role in generating population gamma rhythms [1]. Many features these perisomatically-inhibiting PV+ cell influence the generation oscillations, a number which have been explored network models [2,3]. These include synaptic delay, decay time constant postsynaptic conductance, whether reversal potential is hyperpolarizing or shunting....

From several experimental and modeling studies, it has become apparent that networks of parvalbumin-positive (PV+), fast-firing interneurons play an essential role in generating population gamma rhythms [1]. Many features these perisomatically-inhibiting PV+ cell influence the generation oscillations, a number which have been explored network models [2,3]. These include synaptic delay, decay time constant postsynaptic conductance, whether reversal potential is hyperpolarizing or shunting....

The hippocampus is a heavily studied brain structure due to its involvement in learning and memory. Detailed models of excitatory, pyramidal cells have been developed using range experimental data. These used help us understand, for example, the effects synaptic integration voltage gated channel densities distributions on cellular responses. However, these outputs need be considered from perspective networks which they are embedded. Using modeling approaches, if representations too detailed,...

Theta oscillations are one of the most prominent and well-studied clocking mechanisms detected in mammalian brain. Recorded from hippocampus during R.E.M. sleep exploratory behavior, these 3-12 Hz rhythms thought to play a lead role spatial navigation, episodic memory, timing place cell firing [1]. Although have been heavily studied, mechanism(s) responsible for generation remains unknown. A popular theory hypothesizes that pacemaker neurons medial septum drive hippocampal [1] , but recent...

ABSTRACT Monocular deprivation (MD) during the juvenile critical period leads to long-lasting impairments in binocular function and visual acuity. The site of these changes has been widely considered be cortical. However, recent evidence indicates that integration may first occur dorsolateral geniculate nucleus thalamus (dLGN), raising question whether MD produce deficits dLGN integration. Using vivo two-photon Ca 2+ imaging afferents excitatory neurons superficial layers primary cortex...