Software development is usually a collaborative venture. Open Source (OSS) projects are no exception; indeed, by design, the OSS approach can accommodate teams that more open, geographically distributed, and dynamic than commercial teams. This, we find, leads to quite diverse. Team diversity, predominantly in offline groups, known correlate with team output, mostly positive effects. How about OSS? Using GitHub, largest publicly available collection of projects, studied how gender tenure...

Stack Overflow is a popular on-line programming question and answer community providing its participants with rapid access to knowledge expertise of their peers, especially benefitting coders. Despite the popularity Overflow, role in work cycle open-source developers yet be understood: on one hand, participation it has potential increase individual thus improving speeding up development process. On other may interrupt regular working rhythm developer, hence also possibly slow down In this...

Code smells are symptoms of poor design and implementation choices weighing heavily on the quality produced source code. During last decades several code smell detection tools have been proposed. However, literature shows that results these can be subjective intrinsically tied to nature approach detection. In a recent work use Machine-Learning (ML) techniques for has proposed, possibly solving issue tool subjectivity giving learner ability discern between smelly non-smelly elements. While...

Historically, mailing lists have been the preferred means for coordinating development and user support activities. With emergence popularity growth of social Q&A sites such as StackExchange network (e.g., StackOverflow), this is beginning to change. Such offer different socio-technical incentives their participants than do, e.g., rich web environments store manage content collaboratively, or a place showcase knowledge expertise more vividly peers potential recruiters. A key difference...

Recent years have seen an increasing attention to social aspects of software engineering, including studies emotions and sentiments experienced expressed by the developers. Most these reuse existing sentiment analysis tools such as SentiStrength NLTK. However, been trained on product reviews movie and, therefore, their results might not be applicable in engineering domain. In this paper we study whether agree with recognized human evaluators (as reported earlier study) well each other....

The research domain of process discovery aims at constructing a model (e.g. Petri net) which is an abstract representation execution log. Such should (1) be able to reproduce the log under consideration and (2) independent

In recent years, GitHub has become the largest code host in world, with more than 5M developers collaborating across 10M repositories. Numerous popular open source projects (such as Ruby on Rails, Homebrew, Bootstrap, Django or jQuery) have chosen their and migrated base to it. offers a tremendous research potential. For instance, it is flagship for current development, place showcase expertise peers potential recruiters, platform where social coding features pull requests emerged. However,...

Application security is becoming increasingly prevalent during software and especially web application development. Consequently, countermeasures are continuously being discussed built into applications, with the goal of reducing risk that unauthorized code will be able to access, steal, modify, or delete sensitive data. In this paper we gauged presence atmosphere surrounding security-related discussions on GitHub, as mined from around commits pull requests. First, found related account for...

Continuous Integration (CI) has become a disruptive innovation in software development: with proper tool support and adoption, positive effects have been demonstrated for pull request throughput scaling up of project sizes. As any other innovation, adopting CI implies adapting existing practices order to take full advantage its potential, "best practices" that end proposed. Here we study the adaptation evolution code writing submission, issue closing, testing as TRAVIS is adopted by hundreds...

Slack is a modern communication platform for teams that seeing wide and rapid adoption by software develop-ment teams. not only facilitates team messaging archiving, but it also supports plethora of inte-grations to external services bots. We have found its integrations (i.e., bots) are playing an increas-ingly significant role in development, replacing email some cases disrupting development processes. To understand how impacts dynamics, we designed exploratory study inves-tigate developers...

Software developers' activities are in general recorded software repositories such as version control systems, bug trackers and mail archives. While abundant information is usually present repositories, successful extraction often challenged by the necessity to simultaneously analyze different combine obtained. We propose apply process mining techniques, originally developed for business analysis, address this challenge. However, order become applicable, should be combined, "related"...

Online communities are flourishing as social meeting web spaces for users and peer community members. Different online require different levels of competence participants to join, scattered evidence suggests that females minorities can be under-represented. Additional anecdotal women withdraw from unfriendly communities. Owing the limited amount empirical on matter, this paper provides a quantitative study phenomenon, in order assess representation impact gender This positions itself within...

Open source projects rely on collaboration of members from all around the world using web technologies like GitHub and Gerrit. This mixture people with a wide range backgrounds including minorities women, ethnic minorities, disabilities may increase risk offensive destroying behaviours in community, potentially leading affected project to leave towards more welcoming friendly environment. To counter these effects, open increasingly are turning codes conduct, an attempt promote their...

As social as software engineers are, there is a known and established gender imbalance in our community structures, regardless of their open-or closed-source nature. To shed light on the actual benefits achieving such balance, this empirical study looks into relations between balance occurrence smells, that is, sub-optimal circumstances patterns across organizational structure. Examples smells are Organizational Silo effects (overly disconnected sub-groups) or Lone Wolves (defiant members)....

Sustained participation by contributors in opensource software is critical to the survival of open-source projects and can provide career advancement benefits individual contributors. However, not all reap fully, with prior work showing that women are particularly underrepresented at higher risk disengagement. While many barriers have been documented literature, relatively little known about how social networks form impact their chances long-term engagement. In this paper we report on a...

Large open source software projects often have a globally distributed development team. Studies shown developer turnover has significant impact on the project success. Frequent may lead to loss of productivity due lacking relevant knowledge and spending extra time learning how work. Thus, lots attention been paid which factors are related retention, however, few them focus activities individual developers. In this paper, we study five from different organizations examine whether is affected...

Software engineers share experiences with modern technologies by means of software information sites, such as Stack Overflow. These sites allow developers to label posted content, referred objects, short descriptions, known tags. However, tags assigned objects tend be noisy and some are not well tagged. To improve the quality in we propose EnTagRec, an automatic tag recommender based on historical assignments evaluate its performance four Overflow, Ask Ubuntu, Different, Free code. We...

The behavior of software that uses the Java Reflection API is fundamentally hard to predict by analyzing code. Only recent static analysis approaches can resolve reflection under unsound yet pragmatic assumptions. We survey what exist and their limitations are. then analyze how real-world code API, many projects contain challenging state-of-the-art analysis. Using a systematic literature review we collected categorized all known methods statically approximating reflective Next this...

Recent years have seen an increasing attention to social aspects of software engineering, including studies emotions and sentiments experienced expressed by the developers. Most these reuse existing sentiment analysis tools such as SentiStrength NLTK. However, been trained on product reviews movie and, therefore, their results might not be applicable in engineering domain. In this paper we study whether agree with recognized human evaluators (as reported earlier study) well each other....

Code smells are poor implementation choices applied by developers during software evolution that often lead to critical flaws or failure. Much in the same way, community reflect presence of organizational and socio-technical issues within a may additional project costs. Recent empirical studies provide evidence often-if not always-connected circumstances such as code smells. In this paper we look deeper into connection conducting mixed-methods study 117 releases from 9 open-source systems....

Technical debt refers to the phenomena of taking shortcuts achieve short term gain at cost higher maintenance efforts in future. Recently, approaches were developed detect technical through code comments, referred as Self-Admitted Debt (SATD). Due its importance, several studies have focused on detection SATD and examined impact software quality. However, preliminary findings showed that some cases may live a project for long time, i.e., more than 10 years. These clearly show not all be...

This special issue of IEEE Software focuses on diversity and inclusion in software development, presenting research results best practices for making the field equitable all. It is well documented that industry does not provide evenhanded participation conditions. Research has shown implicit gender biases significantly impact hiring decisions,¹ women disengage faster than men,² Palestinian tech entrepreneurs do have access to Internet-based distribution payment...

Background: Evolution of open source projects frequently depends on a small number core developers. The loss such developers might be detrimental for and even threaten their entire continuation. However, it is possible that new assume the project maintenance allow to survive. Aims: objective this paper provide empirical evidence on: 1) frequency abandonment survival, 2) differences between abandoned surviving projects, 3) motivation difficulties faced when assuming an project. Method: We...

Code review is a software quality assurance practice widely employed in both open source and commercial projects to detect defects, transfer knowledge encourage adherence coding standards. Notwithstanding, code reviews can also delay the incorporation of change into base, thus slowing down overall development process. Part this often consequence reviewers not understanding, becoming confused by, or being uncertain about intention, behavior, effect change.We investigate reasons impacts...