The millimeter wave (mmWave) frequency band spanning from 30 to 300 GHz constitutes a substantial portion of the unused spectrum, which is an important resource for future wireless communication systems in order fulfill escalating capacity demand. Given improvements integrated components and enhanced power efficiency at high frequencies, can operate mmWave band. In this paper, we present survey propagation characteristics, channel modeling, design guidelines, such as system antenna...

With massive deployment, multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) systems continue to take mobile communications new heights, but the ever-increasing demands mean that there is a need look beyond MIMO and pursue next disruptive wireless technologies. Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) widely considered key candidate technology block provide generational leap. The first part of this article provides an updated overview conventional reflection-based RIS technology, which complements...

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) have been actively researched as a potential technique for future wireless communications, which intelligently ameliorate the signal propagation environment. In conventional design, each RIS element configures and reflects its received independently of all other elements, results in diagonal phase shift matrix. By contrast, we propose novel architecture, where incident impinging on one can be reflected from another after an appropriate adjustment,...

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) are capable of beneficially ameliorating the propagation environment by appropriately controlling passive reflecting elements. To extend coverage area, concept simultaneous transmitting and reconfigurable (STAR-RIS) has been proposed, yielding supporting 360° user equipment (UE) located on both sides RIS. In this paper, we theoretically formulate ergodic sum-rate STAR-RIS assisted non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) uplink in face channel...

Abstract Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) is a programmable structure that can be used to control the propagation of electromagnetic waves by changing electric and magnetic properties surface. By placing these surfaces in an environment, radio channels controlled. This opens up new opportunities improve performance wireless systems. In this paper, basic operation antenna array metasurface based RIS described. While current long term (6G) research on often prioritizes very high...

The linear minimal mean square error estimator for active reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-aided wireless systems is formulated. Furthermore, based on the moment-matching method, we employ Gamma distribution to approximate of instantaneous received signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio, and then derive closed-form outage probability ergodic channel capacity in presence realistic estimation errors, thermal noise RIS amplifiers phase shift noise. Our theoretical analysis simulation...

New reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) based amplitude and phase modulation schemes are proposed as an evolution how the phase-only available in literature. Explicitly, both amplitude-phase shift keying (A-PSK) quadrature (QA-PSK) conceived, where RIS is assumed to be part of a transmitter deliver information multi-antenna aided downlink receiver. In design, partitioned into multiple blocks, bits conveyed by controlling ON-OFF state elements each block. Since propagation paths spanning...

In space-time shift keying (STSK), the information is conveyed by both spatial and time dimensions, which can be used to strike a tradeoff between diversity multiplexing gains. On other hand, orthogonal frequency-division (OFDM) relying on index modulation (IM) conveys not only conventional signal constellations as in classical OFDM, but also indices of subcarriers. this paper, we combine benefits STSK IM order flexible throughput bit-error performance transmitting extra bits each subcarrier...

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) constitute a promising technology for future wireless communications in terms of improving the spectral-efficiency and energy-efficiency. In this context, novel RIS structure, which we refer to as coordinated architecture, is formulated, where different elements can be connected by configurable impedances eliminate channel fading. proposed both element connection pattern optimized, based on state information (CSI). The architecture exhibits higher...

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) are eminently suitable for improving the reliability of wireless communications by jointly designing active beamforming at base station (BS) and passive RIS. Therefore, accuracy channel estimation is crucial RIS-aided systems. The challenge that only cascaded two-hop spanning from user equipments (UEs) to RIS BS can be estimated, due lack radio frequency (RF) chains elements, which leads high pilot overhead. In this paper, we propose a low-overhead...

Next generation wireless standards will exploit the wide bandwidth available at millimeter-wave (mm-Wave) frequencies, in particular <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$E$ </tex-math></inline-formula> -band (71–76 and 81–86 GHz). This large may be converted into multi-gigabit capacity, when efficient computationally affordable transceivers are designed to cope with constrained power budget,...

In this paper, we propose a novel multi-set space-time shift keying (MS-STSK) technique, where the source bits are conveyed over two components, namely, by activating one out of M <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Q</sub> dispersion matrices STSK and antenna combination N xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</sub> available antennas, in similar fashion to spatial modulation but multiple antennas rather than single antenna....

We propose a novel multi-user multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technique termed the layered multi-group steered space-time shift keying (LMG-SSTSK) for downlink of millimeter wave (mmWave) communications, which combines concepts MIMO, keying, beamforming and orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing to simultaneously convey information multiple users. The LMG-SSTSK tackles propagation challenges high-attenuation mmWave frequencies by sub-dividing users into groups. proposed system...

In this paper, we propose a generalized space-time block coded spatial modulation (GSTBC-SM) scheme for open-loop massive multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) downlink communication systems. Specifically, firstly partition the information bits into multiple groups with each group modulated by (SM), where SM symbols are invoked orthogonal STBC (OSTBC) quasi-orthogonal (Q-OSTBC) structures. Then, message passing (MP) minimum mean square equalization (B-MMSE) detectors designed our...

In this paper, we introduce a novel OFDM-aided multifunctional multiple-input multiple-output scheme based on multi-set space-time shift keying (MS-STSK), where the information transmitted over each subcarrier is divided into two parts: STSK codeword and implicit antenna combination (AC) index. MS-STSK, unique of antennas can be activated at to convey extra AC index while additionally transmitting codeword. Furthermore, inspired by MS-STSK concept, extended also frequency domain in context...

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) are capable of enhancing the wireless propagation environment future Internet Things (IoT). Recently, they have also been configured as a transmitter to realize information modulation at low hardware complexity. In this article, we conceive relying on single radio frequency (RF) chain for low-complexity RIS-aided multiuser downlink communication. More explicitly, in proposed architecture, is transmit precoded and modulated RIS by appropriately...

Deploying reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) is promising for enhancing the transmission reliability of wireless communications by controlling environment, in which active beamforming at base station and passive RIS are jointly designed based on acquisition channel state information. Hence, estimation crucial RIS-aided systems. Due to lack radio frequency chains process transmit pilot sequences, only cascaded twin-hop transmitter-RISreceiver can be estimated, results extremely high...

An intelligent omni-surface (IOS) assisted holographic multiple-input and multiple-output architecture is conceived for $360^\circ$ full-space coverage at a low energy consumption. The theoretical ergodic rate lower bound of our non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) scheme derived based on the moment matching approximation method, while considering signal distortion transceivers imposed by hardware impairments (HWIs). Furthermore, asymptotically both an infinite number IOS elements...

Generalized index modulation (GIM) which implicitly conveys information by the activated indices is a promising technique for next-generation wireless networks. Due to prohibitive challenge of bit-to-index combination (IC) mapping optimization, conventional GIM system obtains bit-to-IC table randomly, may suffer from some performance loss. To circumvent this issue, we propose low-complexity graph theory assisted gray coding systems minimizing average hamming distance (HD) between any two ICs...

In this paper, we conceive a compressed sensing (CS)-aided multi-dimensional index modulation (IM) scheme, where the benefits of space-time shift keying, orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing relying on frequency domain IM, and spatial are explored. Explicitly, extra information bits transmitted through active indices both transmit antennas subcarriers, while striking flexible design tradeoff between throughput diversity order. Furthermore, CS is invoked in transmitter receiver our...

The recently proposed concept of multiset space-time shift keying (MS-STSK) is intrinsically amalgamated with the multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) philosophy for sake enhancing attainable system throughput. Explicitly, we propose a multiuser steered MS-STSK (MU-SMS-STSK) scheme downlink millimeter-wave (mmWave) communications, which combined analogue beamforming (BF) that relies on phase shifters and power amplifiers to overcome high attenuation mmWaves. Hence, our MU-SMS-STSK combines...

In pursuit of optimal index modulation -aided multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, where information is implicitly conveyed by relying on the on/off mechanism system's components in addition to classical amplitude, phase, or frequency components, we present a tutorial style our novel multi-functional (MF) architecture layered multi-set (LMS) modulation. This generalized framework subsumes various MIMO techniques exhibiting different multiplexing and diversity functionalities. Our...

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) with Index Modulation (OFDM-IM), which conveyed information bits via the activated indices and constellation symbols is a promising technique in next wireless communications. In OFDM-IM scheme, only part of subcarriers are to transmit information, inactive zero symbols, so that conventional differential coding not suitable for adjacent subcarriers. order address this issue, paper, novel Rectangular Differential (RD-OFDM-IM) scheme proposed...

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM-IM) is a multicarrier transmission technology that modulates information bits not just onto subcarriers by means of M-ary constellation mapping but also selected (active) subcarrier indices. Consequently, errors can occur in OFDM-IM systems indices addition to the symbols. This paper analyzes error scenarios and derives mathematical expressions for performance based on maximum likelihood (ML) detection. In evaluating bit rate (BER) additive...

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) are more suitable for surveillance systems than their traditional stationary counterparts. To meet the associated demanding video compression requirements, H.265/High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) codec is invoked. Its scalable coding extension capable of supporting diverse resolutions by encoding clips captured into multiple layers, namely Base Layer (BL) and several Enhancement Layers (EL). In this treatise, we propose a multi-functional Multiple-Input...